Fish Data Sources

The original Climate Shield Cutthroat Trout and Bull Trout models published by Isaak et al. (2015) were developed from electrofishing fish surveys conducted at >4,500 locations in >500 natal streams patches across Montana, Idaho, and Oregon as described in the peer-reviewed studies and agency reports listed below. 

A revised Climate Shield bull trout model was published by Isaak et al. (2022) based on an expanded data set of 9,857 surveys in 991 stream patches that included eDNA surveys from the Rangewide Bull Trout eDNA Project (Young et al. 2017). This data set with the covariate values used in model fitting and selection is available here in Excel and ArcGIS file formats. Please refer to this ReadMe document for descriptions of the covariates and the Isaak et al. 2022 publication for additional details.

Special thanks to the many biologists with the National Forest system for providing data from their fish monitoring programs and Leslie Nyce with Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks for assistance with accessing information through the MFISH database.

Sources

Al-Chokhachy R, Budy P. (2008) Demographic characteristics, population structure, and vital rates of a fluvial population of bull trout in Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1709–1722.

Allen MB, Connolly PJ, Mesa MG et al. (2010) Distribution and movement of Bull Trout in the upper Jarbidge River watershed, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2010-1033.

Bartel JA, Gamett BL, Pyron, JC (2009) The status of fishes on the Challis Ranger District, Salmon-Challis National Forest (2001-2004). Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, South Zone Fish Program Report, Salmon-Challis National Forest.

Benjamin JR, Dunham JB, Dare MR (2007) Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:875–888.

Buchanan, D., M.L. Hanson, and R.M. Hooton. 1997. Oregon's bull trout, distribution, life history, limiting factors, management considerations, and status. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Technical Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Contract No. 1994BI34342, Project No. 199505400, (BPA Report DOE/BP-34342-5).

Chatel J, Vuono S (2010) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Chatel J, Vuono S (2011) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Chatel J, Vuono S (2012) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Chatel J, Kenney D, Vuono S (2009) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Dunham JB, Rieman BE. 1999. Metapopulation structure of bull trout: Influences of physical, biotic, and geometrical landscape characteristics. Ecological Applications 9:642–655.

Dunham JB, Rosenberger AE, Luce CH, Rieman BE (2007) Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians. Ecosystems 10:335-346.

Eby LA, Helmy O, Holsinger LM, Young MK (2014) Evidence of climate-induced range contractions for bull trout in a Rocky Mountain watershed, USA. PLoS One 9:e98812.

Gamett BL, Bartel JA (2008) The status of fishes on the Yankee Fork Ranger District, Salmon-Challis National Forest. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, South Zone Fish Program Report, Salmon-Challis National Forest.

Gamett BL, Bartel JA (2011) The status of fishes on the Middle Fork Ranger District, Salmon-Challis National Forest (2002-2008). Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, South Zone Fish Program Report, Salmon-Challis National Forest.

Gamett BL (1999) The history and status of fishes in the Little Lost River Drainage, Idaho. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, South Zone Fish Program Report, Salmon-Challis National Forest.

Howell, P.J. 2018. Changes in native bull trout and non‐native brook trout distributions in the upper Powder River basin after 20 years, relationships to water temperature and implications of climate change. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 27:710–719. 

Howell, P.J., P. Sankovich, S. Gunckel, and C. Allen. 2018. A demographic monitoring strategy for Bull Trout core areas in northeastern Oregon and portions of southeastern Washington. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report. Portland, OR. 92 pages.  

Isaak DJ, Hubert WA (2004) Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:1254-1259.

Isaak DJ, Rieman BE, Horan D (2009) A watershed-scale monitoring protocol for bull trout. General Technical Report. GTR-RMRS-224. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 25 p.

Isaak DJ, Luce C, Rieman BE et al. (2010) Effects of climate change and recent wildfires on stream temperature and thermal habitat for two salmonids in a mountain river network. Ecological Applications 20:1350–1371.

Kellett M (2004) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Kellett M (2005) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Kellett M (2006) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Kellett M (2007) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Kellett M (2008) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Kenney D, Chatel J (2008) Sawtooth aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Mitchell RG, Roerick HM (2012) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Mitchell RG, Roerick HM (2013) Boise National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Boise National Forest, Boise, Idaho.

Peterson DP, Rieman BE, Horan DL, Young MK (2014) Patch size but not short‐term isolation influences occurrence of westslope cutthroat trout above human‐made barriers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 23:556-571.

Rieman BE, Isaak DJ, Adams S et al. (2007) Anticipated climate warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River basin. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1552–1565.

Rieman BE, McIntyre JD (1995) Occurrence of bull trout in naturally fragmented habitat patches of varied size. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124:285–296.

Rieman BE, Peterson JT, Myers DL (2006) Have brook trout displaced bull trout along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:63–78.

Shepard BB, May BE, Urie W (2005) Status and conservation of westslope cutthroat trout within the western United States. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:1426–1440.

Wenger SJ, Isaak DJ, Dunham JB, et al. (2011) Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River
Basin, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:988-1008.

Wofford J, Chatel J (2005) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Wofford J, Chatel J (2006) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Wofford J, Chatel J (2007) Sawtooth National Forest aquatic management indicator species monitoring report. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Twin Falls, Idaho.

Young, M.K., D.J. Isaak, K. McKelvey, M. Schwartz, K. Carim, W. Fredenberg, T. Wilcox, T. Franklin, G. Chandler, D. Nagel, S. Parkes-Payne, D. Horan, and S. Wollrab. 2017. Species occurrence data from the Rangewide Bull Trout eDNA Project. U.S. Forest Service Research Data Archive, Fort Collins, Colorado. Available: https://doi.org/10.2737/rds-2017-0038. 

Young MK, McKelvey KS, Pilgrim KL, Schwartz MK (2013) DNA barcoding at riverscape scales: assessing biodiversity among fishes of the genus Cottus (Teleostei) in northern Rocky Mountain streams. Molecular Ecology Research 13:583–595.

Related Websites

The National Stream Internet

NorWeST: Regional Database & Modeled Stream Temperature

SSN & STARS: Tools for Spatial Statistical Modeling on Stream Networks

Stream Temperature Modeling and Monitoring

Climate-Aquatics Blog

U.S. Stream Flow Metric Dataset

National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation

Sculpins of the West

The Range-Wide Bull Trout eDNA Project