Research Interests

• Accelerated methods for predicting performance of durable wood products
• Evaluating and minimizing environmental impacts of preservative treated wood
• Methods of applying preservatives to wood
• New approaches to wood protection

Education

• Oregon State University, Ph.D. Forest Products 1992
• Oregon State University, M.S. Forest Products 1986
• Oregon State University, B.S. Forest Products 1983

Professional Organizations

• American Wood Protection Association, Member
• Forest Products Society (FPS), Member
• Society of Wood Science and Technology (SWST), Member
• International Research Group on Wood Protection, Member

Featured Publications & Products

• Lebow, Stan; Kirker, Grant; White, Robert; Amburgey, Terry; Barnes, H. Michael; Sanders, Michael; Morrell, Jeff. 2012. Guide for In-Place Treatment of Covered and Timber Bridges.
• Woodward, Bessie M.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.; Lebow, Stan T. 2011. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake tests : 2011 progress report.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Halverson, Steven A. 2010. Penetration of boron from topically applied borate solutions.
• Lebow, Stan; Foster, Daniel. 2010. Soil and sediment concentrations of chromium, copper, and arsenic adjacent to a chromated copper arsenate-treated wetland boardwalk.
• Lebow, Stan T. 2010. Wood preservation.

Publications

• Arango, Rachel; Lebow, Stan; Glaeser, Jessie A. 2021. Biodeterioration of wood.
• Mankowski, Mark , E. .; Konkler, Matthew; Bell, Craig; Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeffery; Renfroe, James. 2021. Double duty: Boron rods as a simple, low capital alternative for dual treatment of ties and timbers.
• Ruppitsch, Wolfgang ; Lebow, Stan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Taylor, Adam . 2021. Role of Tyloses in the Durability of Chestnut Oak.
• Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan. 2021. Wood preservatives.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Ohno, Katie M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; West, Michael. 2020. Efficacy of alternative copper-based preservatives in protecting decking from biodegradation.
• Kirker, Grant T.; Bishell, Amy ; Cappellazzi, Jed ; Palmer, Jonathan ; Bechle, Nathan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Lebow, Stan . 2020. Role of leaf litter in above-ground wood decay.
• Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan ; Taylor, Adam . 2020. Statistical process control and related methods for improvement of the treated-wood industries.
• Arango, Rachel ; Yang, Vina ; Lebow, Stan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Wiemann, Mike ; Grejczyk, Megan ; DeWald, Patrick . 2020. Variation in mold susceptibility among hardwood species under laboratory conditions.
• Lebow, Stan; Tang, Juliet; Kirker, Grant T.; Mankowski, Mark , E. . 2019. Guidelines for the selection and use of pressure-treated wood.
• Lebow, S ; Lebow, P ; Hirth, K C. 2019. Laboratory immersion method for accelerated prediction of preservative leaching from pressure-treated wood exposed to precipitation.
• Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan ; Taylor, Adam . 2019. SPC handbook for the treated wood industries.
• Mankowski, Mark; Kirker, Grant ; Lebow, Stan ; Renfroe, James ; Morrell, Jeffrey J. 2019. The use of boron rods as a boron source for dual treated timber.
• Kirker, Grant ; Bishell, Amy ; Lebow, Stan . 2018. Above and in-ground performance of naturally-durable woods in Wisconsin.
• Wang, J.Y. ; Stirling, R. ; Morris, Paul I; Taylor, A. ; Lloyed, J. ; Kirker, G. ; Lebow, S. ; Mankowski, M.E. . 2018. Durability of mass timber structures: a review of the biological risks.
• Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Lebow, Stan ; Kirker, Grant . 2018. Incising and site effects on long-term durability of pressure-treated refractory wood species.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K. 2018. Internal moisture content and temperature of standardized aboveground wood durability test specimens.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Arango, Rachel A.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Kirker, Grant T.; Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Halverson, Steven A. 2018. Northeastern United States species treated with copper-based preservatives: Durability in mississippi stake tests.
• Lebow, Stan T. 2018. Protecting log homes from decay and insects.
• Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lebow, Stan T.; Cai, Zhiyong. 2017. Accelerated aging of preservative-treated structural plywood.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Kirker, Grant T. 2017. Comparison of performance criteria for evaluating stake test data.
• Love, Connie S.; Meza, Luis ; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Lebow, Stan T.; Matt, Frederick . 2017. Effect of landfill burial on condition of wood: preliminary tests.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Arango, Rachel A.; Woodward, Bessie M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Ohno, Katie M.; Chotlos, Nathaniel P. 2017. Evaluation of nonpressure wood preservatives for military applications.
• Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Lebow, Stan; Kirker, Grant; Gjovik, Lee. 2017. Long term durability of solid heartwood stakes treated with ACA or CCA.
• Konkler, Matthew J.; Newbill, Mark A.; Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeffrey J. 2017. Performance of two solid fumigants in covered bridges.
• Lebow, Patricia K.; Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Stan. 2017. Statistical process control for residential treated wood.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Hirth, Kolby C. 2017. Technical Note: Comparison of accelerated methods for evaluating leaching from preservative-treated wood.
• Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan L.; Mankowski, Mark E., E. . 2016. Comprehensive overview of FPL field testing conducted in the tropics (1945-2005).
• Arango, Rachel A.; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Stan. 2016. Evaluating the effects of post dip-treatment laser marking on resistance to feeding by subterranean termites.
• Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lebow, Stan. 2015. Corrosion of Wires on Wooden Wire-Bound Packaging Crates.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia; Woodward, Bessie; Kirker, Grant T.; Arango, Rachel. 2015. Fifty-Year Durability Evaluation of Posts Treated with Industrial Wood Preservatives.
• Lebow, S. T.; Halverson, S. A. 2015. Performance of Northeastern United States wood species treated with copper based preservatives: 10 year above-ground decking evaluation.
• Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2015. Use of a Resistance-type Moisture Meter above the Fiber Saturation Point.
• Anthony, Ronald W.; Lebow, Stan T. 2015. Wood preservatives and pressure-treated wood: considerations for historic-preservation projects.
• Lebow, Stan T. 2014. Chapter 14: Evaluating the Leaching of Biocides from Preservative-Treated Wood Products.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia. 2014. Documenting the Durability and Service Life of Pressure-treated Wood.
• Lebow, Stan. 2014. Effect of precipitation pattern on leaching of preservative from treated wood and implications for accelerated testing.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L. 2014. Evaluation of Wood Species and Preservatives for Use in Wisconsin Highway Sign Posts.
• Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeff. 2014. In-Place Preservative Treatments for Covered Bridges.
• Clausen, Carol A.; White, Robert H.; Wacker, James P.; Lebow, Stan T.; Dietenberger, Mark A.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Stark, Nicole M. 2014. Laboratory investigation of fire protection coatings for creosote-treated timber railroad bridges.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Abbott, Bill; West, Mike. 2014. Synergy and Diffusion with a Borax-Copper Hydroxide Groundline Preservative: 20 Year Update.
• Clausen, Carol A; Green III, Frederick; Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan T. 2014. Wood Protection Research Council: Research Priorities 2013.
• Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A. 2013. Boron Diffusion in Surface-Treated Framing Lumber.
• Kartal, Saip Nami; Terzi, Evren; Woodward, Bessie; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T. 2013. Chemical remediation of wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble copper preservatives.
• Kirker, Grant T.; Clausen, Carol A.; Blodgett, A. B; Lebow, Stan T. 2013. Evaluating Naturally Durable Wood Species for Repair and Rehabilitation of Above-Ground Components of Covered Bridges.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Kirker, Grant; Lebow, Patricia. 2013. Long-Term Durability of Pressure-Treated Wood in a Severe Test Site.
• Kartal, S. Nami; Terzi, Evren; Woodward, Bessie; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T. 2013. Removal of nano- and micronized-copper from treated wood by chelating agents.
• Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.; Clausen, C.A. 2013. Transferable Durability: Enhancing decay resistance of non-durable species with extractives from durable wood species.
• Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.T.; Clausen, C.A. 2012. Above Ground Field Evaluation and GC-MS Analysis of Naturally Durable Wood Species.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Halverson, Steven; West, Michael. 2012. Field tests of the efficacy of zinc and fatty amine in preventing colonization by copper-tolerant fungi.
• Lebow, Stan; Anthony, Ronald W. 2012. Guide for Use of Wood Preservatives in Historic Structures.
• Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Lebow, Stan; Reed, Karen G. 2012. Partial dissolution of ACQ-treated wood in lithium chloride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone: Separation of copper from potential lignocellulosic feedstocks.
• Ibach, Rebecca; Lebow, Stan T. 2012. Wood preservative testing.
• Lebow, Stan; Wacker, James. 2011. Common questions and concerns from government users of industrial treated wood products.
• Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.T.; Clausen, C.A. 2011. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of extractives of naturally durable wood.
• Hayward, Dennis; Lebow, Stan T.; Brooks, Kenneth M. 2011. Methods for Mitigating the Environmental Risks Associated with Wood Preservatives.
• Halverson, Steve; Lebow, Stan. 2011. Observed relationships between wood density and solution uptake during pressure treatment.
• Kirker, Grant T.; Glaeser, Jessie; Lebow, Stan T.; Green III, Frederick; Clausen, Carol A. 2011. Physical deterioration of preservative treated poles and pilings exposed to salt water.
• Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T. 2011. Reuse and Disposal.
• Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan T.; Nelson, William J. 2010. Effect of treatment pressure on treatment quality and bending properties of red pine lumber.
• Green, Frederick; Arango, Rachel A.; Lebow, Stan T. 2010. Field testing of the experimental wood preservative N'N-naphtaloylhydroxylamine : five and eight years results.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.; Woodward, Bessie. 2010. Long-term durability of CCA and ACA : how is 0.4 doing.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia; Clausen, Carol. 2010. The need for performance criteria in evaluating the durability of wood products.
• So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Groom, Leslie H.; Shupe, Todd F. 2009. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to preservative-treated wood.
• Fu, Qirong; Argyropolous, Dimitris; Lucia, Lucian; Tilotta, David; Lebow, Stan. 2009. Chemical yields from low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Woodward, Bessie M.; Halverson, Steven A.; Abbott, William; West, Michael M. 2009. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications.
• Bigelow, Jake; Lebow, Stan; Clausen, Carol A.; Greimann, Lowell; Wipf, Terry J. 2009. Preservation treatment for wood bridge application.
• Humphries, Matt; Lebow, Stan; Moses, David. 2009. Wood preservatives : choosing the right one.
• Shupe, Todd; Lebow, Stan; Ring, Dennis. 2008. Causes and control of wood decay, degradation & stain.
• Lebow, Stan; Halverson, Steven. 2008. Comparison of methods for evaluating ground-contact copper preservative depletion.
• Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia; Foster, Daniel. 2008. Estimating preservative release from treated wood exposed to precipitation.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia. 2008. Observations on the predictive value of short-term stake tests.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Highley, Terry. 2008. Regional biodeterioration hazards in the United States.
• Lebow, Stan. 2007. A primer on wood as dock construction material.
• Lebow, Stan T.; White, Robert H. 2007. Durability of wood in construction.
• Bigelow, Jake J.; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T.; Greimann, Lowell. 2007. Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia K. 2007. Ground-contact durability of wood treated with borax-copper preservative.
• Lebow, Stan. 2007. Preservative treatments for building components.
• Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2007. The role of moisture content in above-ground leaching.
• So, Chi-Leung; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H. 2006. A preliminary study of preservative retention and penetration in ACQ-treated timbers using near infrared spectroscopy.
• Lebow, Stan; Hatfield, Cherilyn; Halverson, Steve. 2006. Effect of source, drying method and treatment schedule on treatability of red pine.
• Lebow, Stan; Shupe, Todd; Woodward, Bessie; Crawford, Douglas; Via, Brian; Hatfield, Cherilyn. 2006. Formosan and native subterranean termite attack of pressure-treated SPF wood species exposed in Louisiana.
• Groenier, James (Scott); Lebow, Stan. 2006. Preservative-treated wood and alternative products in the Forest Service.
• Lebow, Patricia; Ziobro, Richard; Sites, Linda; Schultz, Tor; Pettry, David; Nicholas, Darrel; Lebow, Stan; Kamdem, Pascal; Fox, Roger; Crawford, Douglas. 2006. Statistical analysis of influence of soil source on leaching of arsenic and copper from CCA-C treated wood.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Cooper, Paul A.; Lebow, Patricia. 2006. Study design considerations in evaluating environmental impacts.
• Green, David W.; White, Robert H.; TenWolde, Antoni; Simpson, William; Murphy, Joseph; Ross, Robert J.; Hernandez, Roland; Lebow, Stan T. 2006. Wood.
• Archer, Kevin; Lebow, Stan. 2006. Wood preservation.
• Kang, Sung-Mo; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John; Lebow, Stan. 2005. Creosote movement from treated wood immersed in fresh water.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Foster, Daniel. 2005. Environmental concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic released from a chromated-copper-arsenate-(CCA-C-) treated wetland boardwalk.
• Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Lebow, Stan T. 2005. Initial preservative treatment of wood in covered bridges.
• Crawford, Douglas; Lebow, Stan; West, Mike; Abbott, Bill. 2005. Permanence and diffusion of borax-copper hydroxide remedial preservative applied to unseasoned pine posts : 10 year update.
• Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Crawford, Douglas; Abbott, William. 2005. Resistance of borax copper treated wood in aboveground exposure to attack by Formosan subterranean termites.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A. 2005. Treatability of underutilized northeastern species with CCA and alternative wood preservatives.
• Lebow, Stan T. 2004. Alternatives to chromated copper arsenate for residential construction.
• Kartal, S. Nami; Dorau, Ben F.; Lebow, Stan T.; Green, Frederick III. 2004. Effects of inorganic ions on leachability of wood preserving N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA)..
• Lebow, Stan; Foster, Daniel; Lebow, Patricia. 2004. Rate of CCA leaching from commercially treated decking..
• So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Rials, Timothy G. 2004. The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to inorganic preservative-treated wood.
• So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Rials, Timothy G. 2004. The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to inorganic preservative-treated wood.
• Lebow, Stan; Winandy, Jerrold; Bender, Donald. 2004. Treated wood in transition : a look at CCA and the candidates to replace it.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Cooper, Paul; Lebow, Patricia K. 2004. Variability in evaluating environmental impacts of treated wood..
• Lebow, Stan; Cooper, Paul; Lebow, Patricia. 2004. Variability in evaluating environmental impacts of treated wood..
• So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Shupe, Todd F. 2003. An evaluation of the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to identify water and oil-borne preservatives.
• Lebow, Stan; Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Patricia. 2003. Effect of simulated rainfall and weathering on release of preservative elements from CCA treated wood.
• Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2003. Effect of weathering on chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood : leaching of metal salts and change in water repellency.
• Lebow, Stan; Hatfield, Cherilyn; Crawford, Douglas; Woodward, Bessie. 2003. Long-term stake evaluations of waterborne copper systems.
• Schultz, Tor P.; Nicholas, Darrel D.; Lebow, Stan. 2003. Migration of iron and manganese into CCA-treated wood in soil contact and the resulting error in leaching results when using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometers.
• Lebow, Stan; Winandy, Jerrold; Bender, Donald. 2003. Treated wood in transition : a look at CCA and the candidates to replace it.
• Crawford, Doug; Fox, Roger; Kamden, Pascal; Lebow, Stan; Nicholas, Darrel; Pettry, David; Schultz, Tor; Sites, Linda; Ziobro, Richard. 2002. Laboratory studies of CCA-C leaching : influence of wood and soil properties on extent of arsenic and copper depletion..
• Lebow, Stan T. 2001. Factors affecting the use of increment cores to assess fixation.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Tippie, Michael. 2001. Guide for minimizing the effect of preservative-treated wood on sensitive environments.
• Shupe, Todd F.; Lebow, Stan T.; Choong, Elvin T.; Xiong, Manzhen. 2001. Inadequate redrying linked to dimensional instability of CCA-treated southern pine lumber.
• Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Miller, D.J.; Lebow, Stan T. 2000. Above ground performance of preservative-treated western wood species.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Evans, James W. 1999. Effect of prestain on the release rate of copper, chromium, and arsenic from western hemlock.
• Lebow, Stan. 1999. Fixation effects on the release of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-C treated marine piles.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Foster, Daniel O.; Brooks, Kenneth M. -1. Environmental impact of preservative-treated wood in a wetland boardwalk..
• Lebow, Stan T.; Nilsson, Thomas; Morrell, Jeffrey J. -1. Performance of copper-based wood preservatives in soil bed exposures.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John. -1. Role of construction debris in release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood structures.

Research Highlights

Highlight	Title	Year
FPL-2010-001	Centennial Edition, Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material The Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material serves as a primary reference document for a wide variety of users-from the general publ ...	2010
FPL-2011-16	Durable wood product evaluations In an effort to reduce the amount of time required to obtain meaningful durability data for wood products, it has become widely accepted to use ...	2011
FPL-2019-83	Going Big with Mass Timber Protection USDA Forest Service researchers are leading efforts to better understand mass timber as a next generation building material and provide safe eff ...	2019
FPL-2020-96	Guide for Selection and Use of Pressure-Treated Wood This report describes and provides guidance for selection and use of pressure-treated wood for specific applications.	2020
FPL-2010-007	Improving Accelerated Testing of Durable Wood Products Durable wood products such as posts, poles and timbers are expected to resist decay and termite attack for several decades. Testing the durabili ...	2010
FPL-2019-72	Method for Estimating Wood Preservative Leaching Pressure-treated wood is used widely for construction projects in sensitive environments. This USDA Forest Service research project developed a ...	2019
FPL-2012-10	New Guide Advises Treatments and Technologies To Protect Historic Wooden Bridges Forest Service and university researchers collaborate to evaluate methods of protecting wooden bridges from fire and biodegradation.	2012
FPL-2020-105	Role of leaf litter in above ground wood decay FPL researchers in Wood Durability and Protection investigate the contributions of leaf litter accumulation to the decay of wood in above ground ...	2020