Research Interests

• Nondestructive evaluation
• Structural condition assessment

Education

• Washington State University, Pullman, WA, Ph.D. Engineering Science
• Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, M.S. Engineering Mechanics
• Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, B.S. Wood and Fiber Utilization

Professional Experience

Professional Organizations

• Forest Products Society (FPS), Member

Awards & Recognition

Featured Publications & Products

• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; McClellan, Michael; Barbour, R. James; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D. -1. Strength and stiffness assessment of standing trees using a nondestructive stress wave technique..
• Ross, Robert J.; USDA Forest Service., Forest Products Laboratory. 2010. Wood handbook : wood as an engineering material.
• Cai, Zhiyong; Ross, Robert J. 2010. Mechanical properties of wood-based composite materials.
• Wang, Xiping; Stelzer, Henry E.; Wiedenbeck, Jan; Lebow, Patricia K.; Ross, Robert J. 2009. Assessing wood quality of borer-infested red oak logs with a resonance acoustic technique.

Patents

• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert; Brashaw, Brian; Thomas, Ed. 2018. Improving Log Defect Detection Accuracy by Combining Complementary Scanning Methods.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert; Mattson, James A; Erickson, John ; Forsman, John W; Geske, Earl A; Wehr, Michael A. 2006. System for and Method of Performing Evaluation Techniques on a Log or Round Timber.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J. 1996. Bolted Wood Connections.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J.; von Segen, William W. 1996. Break-In-Resistant Wood Panel Door.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J.; Rammer, Douglas R. 1998. Localized Notch Reinforcement for Wooden Beams.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J.; Rammer, Douglas R. 1998. Localized Notch Reinforcement for Wooden Beams.
• Schafer, Mark E.; Ross, Robert J. 2000. Method and Apparatus for Detecting and Characterizing Splits In Logs.
• Ross, Robert. 1994. Method and Apparatus for Evaluating the Drying Properties of Un-Dried Wood.
• Wang, Xiping; Sharplin, Nigel; Carter, Peter; Ross, Robert J. 2008. Method and Apparatus for Evaluation of Standing Timber.
• Ross, Robert J.; DeGroot, Rodney C.; Geske, Earl A.; Nelson, William J.; Malinauskas, Vyto C.; Cuevas, Diego O. 1995. Method and Apparatus for In Situ Evaluation of Wooden Members.
• Schafer, Mark E.; Ross, Robert J. 2001. Method and Apparatus for On-Line Monitoring of Log Sawing.
• Schafer, Mark E.; Ross, Robert J. 2002. Method and Apparatus for On-Line Monitoring of Log Sawing.
• Schafer, Mark E. ; Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R.; DeGroot, Rodney C. 2001. System and Method of Assessing the Structural Properties of Wooden Members Using Ultrasound.
• Schafer, Mark E.; Ross, Robert J. 2000. Ultrasonic Apparatus for Characterizing Wooden Members.

Publications

• Liu, Fenglu ; Zhang, Houjiang ; Wang, Xiping ; Jiang, Fang ; Yu, Wenhua ; Ross, Robert J. 2021. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Standing Trees - Part II. Effects of Tree Diamter and Juvenile Wood.
• Ma, Yunxiang ; Musah, Munkaila ; Si, Ruizhe ; Dai, Qingli ; Xie, Xinfeng ; Wang, Xiping ; Ross, Robert J. 2021. Integrated experimental and numerical study on flexural properties of cross laminated timber made of low-value sugar maple lumber.
• Cai, Zhiyong; Senalik, Christopher Adam; Ross, Robert. 2021. Mechanical properties of wood-based composite materials.
• Ross, Robert; Shmulsky, Rubin. 2021. Some Mechanical Properties of Hardwood-Based Particle Composite Materials.
• Ross, Robert. 2021. Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material.
• Liu, Fenglu ; Wang, Xiping ; Zhang, Houjiang ; Jiang, Fang ; Yu, Wenhua ; Liang, Shanqing ; Fu, Feng ; Ross, Robert J. 2020. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Standing Trees Part 1. Numerical Simulation.
• Anderson, Guangmei Cao; Owens, Frank C.; Franca, Frederico; Ross, Robert; Shmulsky, Rubin. 2020. Correlations between grain angle meter readings and bending properties of mill-run southern pine lumber.
• Owens, Frank C.; Verrill, Steve P.; Shmulsky, Rubin ; Ross, Robert J. 2020. Distributions of MOE and MOR in eight mill-run lumber populations (four mills at two times).
• Verrill, Steve P.; Owens, Frank C.; Arvanitis, Matthew A.; Kretschmann, David E.; Shmulsky, Rubin ; Ross, Robert J.; Lebow, Patricia . 2020. Estimated probability of breakage of lumber of a fixed grade can vary greatly from mill to mill and time to time.
• Bechtel, Friend K.; Ross, Robert J. 2020. Foundation of nondestructive testing of wood products: contributions from an industrial research engineer.
• Entsminger, Edward D.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Seale, R. Daniel; Ross, Robert J. 2020. Machine grading of lumber practical concerns for lumber producers.
• As, Nusret ; Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping . 2020. Nondestructive evaluation of the tensile properties of structural lumber from the spruce-pine-fir species grouping: relationship between grain angle and energy loss.
• As, Nusret ; Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping ; Farber, Benjamin . 2020. Nondestructive evaluation of the tensile properties of structural lumber from the spruce-pine-fir species grouping: relationship between modulus of elasticity and ultimate tension stress.
• Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R. 2020. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components: second edition.
• Ross, Robert; Hoyle, Robert J. 2020. Using modulus of elasticity as the sorting criterion in the manufacture of lodgepole pine laminated decking: a pilot study.
• Xu, Feng ; Liu, Yunfei ; Wang, Xiping ; Brashaw, Brian K.; Yeary, Lon A.; Ross, Robert J. 2019. Assessing internal soundness of hardwood logs through acoustic impact test and waveform analysis.
• Franca, Frederico ; Senalik, C. Adam; Seale, R. Daniel; Ross, Robert R.; Shmulsky, Rubin . 2019. Comparing idealized acoustic wave behavior to that observed in clear wood and lumber.
• Owens, Frank ; Verrill, Steve ; Shmulsky, Rubin ; Ross, Robert J. 2019. Distributions of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in four mill run lumber populations.
• Dickinson, Yvette ; Wang, Xiping ; Wiedenbeck, Jan ; Ross, Robert J. 2019. Effects of silviculture practices on engineering properties of northern hardwood species of the Great Lakes Region: a literature review.
• As, Nusret ; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping ; Senalik, Christopher Adam. 2019. Nondestructive evaluation of tensile properties of structural lumber from the spruce-pine-fir species grouping: phase 1 evaluation of modulus of elasticity.
• Wang, Xiping ; Sauter, Udo H.; Ross, Robert J. 2019. Proceedings, 21st international nondestructive testing and evaluation of wood symposium.
• Anderson, Guangmei Cao; Owens, Frank ; Shmulsky, Rubin ; Ross, Robert J. 2019. Within-Mill Variation in the Means and Variances of MOE and MOR of Mill-Rul Lumber Over Time.
• Xu, Feng ; Wang, Xiping ; Thomas, Ed ; Liu, Yunfei ; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2018. Defect detection and quality assessment of hardwood logs: part 1 acoustic impact test and wavelet analysis.
• Wang, Xiping ; Thomas, Ed ; Xu, Feng ; Liu, Yunfei ; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2018. Defect detection and quality assessment of hardwood logs: part 2 combined acoustic and laser scanning system.
• Kochkin, Vladimir ; Hudson, Ed ; Ross, Robert J.; Martinson, Karen L. 2018. Industry-prioritized research, technology transfer, and education needs and opportunities in residential construction.
• Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping ; Senalik, C. Adam. 2018. Nondestructive assessment of wood members in a viewing tower in Potawatomi State Park, Door County, Wisconsin, USA.
• Franca, Frederico J.N.; Seale, R. Daniel; Ross, Robert J.; Shmulsky, Rubin ; Amorim Franca, Tamara S.F. 2018. Using transverse vibration nondestructive testing techniques to estimate stiffness and strength of southern pine lumber.
• Gao, Shan; Wang, Xiping; Wiemann, Michael C.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Lihai. 2017. A critical analysis of methods for rapid and nondestructive determination of wood density in standing trees.
• Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lebow, Stan T.; Cai, Zhiyong. 2017. Accelerated aging of preservative-treated structural plywood.
• Senalik, C. Adam; Zhou, Lujing ; Ross, Robert J. 2017. Assessment of deterioration in timbers with time and frequency domain analysis techniques.
• Wang, Xiping ; Thomas, Ed ; Xu, Feng ; Liu, Yunfei ; Krause, Victor ; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2017. Combining acoustic and laser scanning methods to improve hardwood log segregation.
• Kan, Jiangming; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping; Li, Wenbin. 2017. Energy harvesting from wood floor vibration using a piezoelectric generator.
• Rudnicki, Mark; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Allison, R. Bruce; Perzynski, Kevin. 2017. Measuring wood quality in standing trees--a review.
• Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping; Senalik, C. Adam; Allison, R. Bruce; Zhou, Lujing. 2017. Nondestructive assessment of wood members from a historic viewing tower.
• Williamson, Tom; Ross, Robert J. 2016. (Eds.) Proceedings: Mass Timber Research Workshop 2015.
• Wang, Xiping; Senalik, Christopher Adam; Ross, Robert; Bennett, Neal; Conner, Debbie. 2016. Effects of cedar oil and silica gel treatment on dimensional stability and mechanical properties of Southern Yellow Pine boards.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Verrill, Steve; Lowell, Eini; Barbour, Jamie. 2015. Acoustic Evaluation of Thinning and Biosolid Fertilization Effects on Wood Quality of a Douglas-fir stand.
• Franca, Frederico J. N.; Franca, Tamara S.F. Amorin; Yeary, Lon A.; Hohnholt, Christopher; Forsman, John W.; Ross, Robert J. 2015. Condition Assessment of a Historic Trout Rearing Station in Upper Michigan.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Anderson, Samuel; Ross, Robert J. 2015. Laser Scanning Technology as Part of a Comprehensive Condition Assessment for Covered Bridges.
• Ross, Robert J. 2015. Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood: Second Edition.
• Senalik, Christopher Adam; Ross, Robert J. 2015. Predicting Plywood Properties with Wood-based Composite Models.
• Ross, Robert J.; Gonçalves, Raquel; Wang, Xiping. 2015. Proceedings: 19th International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium.
• Kochkin, Vladimir; Rammer, Douglas R.; Kauffman, Kevin; Wiliamson, Thomas; Ross, Robert J. 2015. SIP Shear Walls: Cyclic Performance of High-Aspect-Ratio Segments and Perforated Walls.
• Senalik, Christopher Adam; Ross, Robert J.; DeGroot, Rodney. 2015. Ultrasound Transmission Times in Biologically Deteriorated Wood.
• Li, Guanghui; Wang, Xiping; Feng, Hailin; Wiedenbeck, Jan; Ross, Robert J. 2014. Analysis of wave velocity patterns in black cherry trees and its effect on internal decay detection.
• McDonald, Dwight, E..; Begel, Marshall; Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert; Skaggs, Thomas D.; Yeh, Borjen; Williamson, Thomas. 2014. Creep Behavior of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS): Results from a Pilot Study.
• Lebow, Stan T.; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L. 2014. Evaluation of Wood Species and Preservatives for Use in Wisconsin Highway Sign Posts.
• Ross, Robert; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R.; Brackley, Allen M. 2014. Nondestructive Testing Technique to Quantify Deterioration from Marine Borer Attack in Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock Logs: Observations from a Pilot Test.
• Rammer, Douglas R.; Moura, Jorge de Melo; Ross, Robert J. 2014. Structural Performance of the Second Oldest Glued-Laminated Structure in the United States.
• Senalik, Adam C.; Schueneman, Greg; Ross, Robert J. 2014. Ultrasonic-Based Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Wood: A Primer and Historical Review.
• Ross, Robert J.; White, Robert H. 2014. Wood Condition Assessment Manual: Second Edition.
• Wang, Xiping; Verrill, Steve; Lowell, Eini; Ross, Robert J.; Herian, Vicki L. 2013. Acoustic sorting models for improved log segregation.
• Li, Guanghui; Wang, Xiping; Wiedenbeck, Jan; Ross, Robert J. 2013. Analysis of Wave Velocity Patterns in Black Cherry Trees and its Effect on Internal Decay Detection.
• Qing, Yan; Ross, Robert J.; Cai, Zhiyong; Wu, Yiqiang. 2013. Nondestructive Measurement of Dynamic Modulus for Cellulose Nanofibril Films.
• Dundar, Turker; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J. 2013. Prediction of transverse shrinkages of young-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) with ultrasonic measurements.
• Bridwell, James J.; Ross, Robert J.; Cai, Zhiyong; Kretschmann, David E. 2013. USDA Forest Products Laboratory's Debris Launcher.
• Ross, Robert J.; Dundar, Turker. 2012. Condition Assessment of a 2,500-Year-Old Mummy Coffin.
• Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping. 2012. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood 50 Years of Research: International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium Series.
• Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Anderson, Samuel J. 2012. Use of Laser Scanning Technology to Obtain As-Built Records of Historic Covered Bridges.
• Ross, Robert J.; Kan, Jiangming; Wang, Xiping; Blankenburg, Julie; Stockhausen, Janet I.; Pellerin, Roy F. 2012. Wood and Wood-Based Materials as Sensors A Review of the Piezoelectric Effect in Wood.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Bucur, Voichita; Divos, Ferenc; Goncalves, Raquel; Lu, Jianxiong; Meder, Roger; Pellerin, Roy F.; Potter, Simon; Ross, Robert J; Wang, Xiping; Yin, Yafang. 2009. Nondestructive testing and evaluation of wood : a worldwide research update.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J. 2008. Acoustic evaluation of Alaskan young-growth wood.
• Wacker, James P.; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K. 2008. Condition assessment of historic wood vessels.
• Briggs, David G.; Thienel, Gonzalo; Turnblom, Eric C.; Lowell, Eini; Dykstra, Dennis; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping; Carter, Peter. 2008. Influence of thinning on acoustic velocity of Douglas-fir trees in western Washington and western Oregon.
• Allison, R. Bruce; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J. 2008. Visual and nondestructive evaluation of red pines supporting a ropes course in the USFS Nesbit Lake Camp, Sidnaw, Michigan.
• Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James; Ross, Robert; Brashaw, Brian. 2008. Condition assessment of main structural members of steam schooner WAPAMA.
• Bergman, Richard, PhD.; Ross, Robert J. 2008. Evaluating shrinkage of wood propellers in a high-temperature environment.
• Brashaw, Brian; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping. 2008. Innovative technology transfer of nondestructive evaluation research.
• Ross, Robert J. 2008. Transverse vibration techniques : logs to structural systems.
• Wang, Xiping; Stelzer, Henry E.; Wiedenbeck, Jan; Ross, Robert J. 2007. Acoustic assessment of stress level and potential wood quality of logs affected by oak decline.
• Wang, Xiping; Carter, Peter; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K. 2007. Acoustic assessment of wood quality of raw forest materials : a path to increased profitability.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Carter, Peter. 2007. Acoustic evaluation of wood quality in standing trees. Part I, Acoustic wave behavior.
• Wang, Xiping; Allison, R. Bruce; Wang, Lihai; Ross, Robert J. 2007. Acoustic tomography for decay detection in red oak trees.
• Hunt, Michael O.; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping; Soltis, Lawrence Andrew; Leavitt, R. R.; Cai, Zhiyong. 2007. Assessment of in-place wood floor systems.
• Wang, Xiping; Page-Dumroese, Deborah; Jurgensen, Martin F.; Ross, Robert J. 2007. Field assessment of wood stake decomposition in forest soil.
• Risbrudt, Christopher D.; Ross, Robert J.; Blankenburg, Julie J.; Nelson, Charles A. 2007. Forest Products Laboratory : supporting the nation's armed forces with valuable wood research for 90 years.
• Green, David W.; White, Robert; TenWolde, Anton; Simpson, William; Murphy, Joseph; Ross, Robert. 2007. Physical and mechanical properties of clear wood.
• Wacker, James P.; Wang, Xiping; Brashaw, Brian; Ross, Robert J. 2006. Estimating bridge stiffness using a forced-vibration technique for timber bridge health monitoring.
• Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Wang, Xiping. 2006. Structural condition assessment of in-service wood.
• Green, David W.; White, Robert H.; TenWolde, Antoni; Simpson, William; Murphy, Joseph; Ross, Robert J.; Hernandez, Roland; Lebow, Stan T. 2006. Wood.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Carter, Peter. 2005. Acoustic evaluation of standing trees : recent research development.
• Carter, Peter; Briggs, David; Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping. 2005. Acoustic testing to enhance western forest values and meet customer wood quality needs.
• Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K. 2005. Chapter 6:Engineered trusses from undervalued hardwoods.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Chapter 7:I-joists and headers.
• Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping; Brashaw, Brian K.; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R. 2005. Chapter 8:Properties of red maple laminated veneer lumber.
• Knight, Lynn; Huff, Melissa; Stockhausen, Janet I.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Comparing energy use and environmental emissions of reinforced wood doors and steel doors.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Vatalaro, Robert J.; Wacker, James P.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Condition assessment of timber bridges. 1, Evaluation of a micro-drilling resistance tool.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Vatalaro, Robert J.; Wacker, James P.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Condition assessment of timber bridges. 2, Evaluation of several stress-wave tools.
• Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James P.; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Vatalaro, Robert. 2005. Development of flexural vibration inspection techniques to rapidly assess the structural health of timber bridge systems.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Hunt, Michael O.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W. 2005. Low frequency vibration approach for assessing performance of wood floor systems.
• Carter, Peter; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Briggs, David. 2005. NDE of logs and standing trees using new acoustic tools : technical application and results.
• Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James P.; Morison, Angus M.; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Nondestructive assessment of single-span timber bridges using a vibration- based method.
• Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James P.; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K. 2005. Nondestructive assessment of timber bridges using a vibration-based method.
• Wang, Xiping; Wiedenbeck, Jan; Ross, Robert J.; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R.; Pilon, Crystal; Brashaw, Brian K. 2005. Nondestructive evaluation of incipient decay in hardwood logs.
• Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Wang, Xiping; White, Robert H.; Pellerin, Roy F. 2005. Post-fire assessment of structural wood members.
• Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping. 2005. Quincy Mine Blacksmith Shop : condition assesment of timbers.
• Liu, Jen Y.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Relationship between radial compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of wood.
• Ross, Robert J.; Zerbe, John I.; Wang, Xiping; Green, David W.; Pellerin, Roy F. 2005. Stress wave nondestructive evaluation of Douglas-fir peeler cores.
• Wang, Xiping; Divos, Ferenc; Pilon, Crystal; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J.; Pellerin, Roy F. 2004. Assessment of decay in standing timber using stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation tools : a guide for use and interpretation.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Punches, John; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; Pellerin, Roy E. 2004. Diameter effect on stress-wave evaluation of modulus of elasticity of logs.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Hunt, Michael O. 2004. Low Frequency Vibration approach to asess the Performance of wood structural Systems.
• Brashaw, Brian K.; Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Pellerin, Roy F. 2004. Relationship between stress wave velocities of green and dry veneer.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Green, David W.; Brashaw, Brian; Englund, Karl; Wolcott, Michael. 2004. Stress wave sorting of red maple logs for structural quality.
• Ross, Robert J.; Verhey, Steven; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Pilon, Crystal L.; Wang, Xiping. 2004. Yield and ultrasonic modulus of elasticity of red maple veneer.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; Pellerin, Roy. 2003. Diameter effect on stress-wave evaluation of modulus of elasticity of logs.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Punches, John; Barbour, R. James; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R. 2003. Evaluation of small-diameter timber for value-added manufacturing : a stress wave approach.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Verhey, Steven A.; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R. 2003. Flexural properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from ultrasonically rated red maple veneer : a pilot study..
• Cai, Zhiyong; Hunt, Michael O.; Ross, Robert J.; Soltis, Lawrence A. 2003. Screw withdrawal : a means to evaluate densities of in-situ wood members.
• Wang, Xiping; Simpson, William T.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2002. Kiln drying maple for structural uses.
• Illman, Barbara L.; Yang, Vina W.; Ross, Robert J.; Nelson, William J. 2002. Nondestructive evaluation of oriented strand board exposed to decay fungi..
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Soltis, Lawrence Andrew. 2002. Nondestructive structural evaluation of wood floor systems with a vibration technique..
• Cai, Zhiyong; Ross, Robert J.; Hunt, Michael O.; Soltis, Lawrence A. 2002. Pilot study to examine use of transverse vibration nondestructive evaluation for assessing floor systems.
• Christensen, Glenn A.; Julin, Kent R.; Ross, Robert J.; Willits, Susan. 2002. Volume recovery, grade yield, and properties of lumber from young-growth sitka spruce and western hemlock in southeast Alaska..
• Ross, Robert J.; Hunt, Michael O.; Wang, Xiping; Soltis, Lawrence A. 2001. Floor vibration : a possible assessment method for historic buildings.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D.; De Groot, Rodney C. 2001. Nondestructive evaluation of potential quality of creosote-treated piles removed from service.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; McClellan, Michael; Barbour, R. James; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D. 2001. Nondestructive evaluation of standing trees with a stress wave method..
• Emerson, Robert; Pollock, David; McLean, David; Fridley, Kenneth; Ross, Robert; Pellerin, Roy. 2001. Ultrasonic inspection of a glued laminated timber fabricated with defects.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Green, David W.; Englund, Karl; Wolcott, Michael. 2000. Nondestructive evaluation for sorting red maple logs.
• Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D.; De Groot, Rodney C. 2000. Nondestructive methods of evaluating quality of wood in preservative-treated piles.
• Cai, Zhiyong; Hunt, Michael O.; Ross, Robert J.; Soltis, Lawrence A. 2000. Static and vibration moduli of elasticity of salvaged and new joists.
• Ross, Robert J.; Willits, Susan W.; Von Segen, William; Black, Terry; Brashaw, Brian K.; Pellerin, Roy F. 1999. A stress wave based approach to NDE of logs for assessing potential veneer quality: Part I small-diameter ponderosa pine..
• Wang, Xiping; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R.; Ross, Robert J.; Gardner, Douglas J.; McGinnis, Gary D.; DeGroot, Rodney C. 1999. Assessment of the potential quality of preservative-treated pilings removed from service : abstract.
• Ross, Robert J.; Pellerin, Roy F.; Volny, Norbert; Salsig, William W.; Falk, Robert H. 1999. Inspection of timber bridges using stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation tools : a guide for use and interpretation.
• Cai, Zhiyong; Hunt, Michael O.; Ross, Robert J.; Soltis, Lawrence A. 1999. Nondestructive methods for the structural evaluation of wood floor systems in historic buildings : preliminary results : abstract.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J. 1999. Repair of white oak glued-laminated beams.
• Schafer, Mark E.; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Adams, Roy D. 1999. Ultrasonic inspection and analysis techniques in green and dried lumber.
• Liu, Jen Y.; Ross, Robert J. 1998. Some relations among engineering constants of wood.
• Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J.; Windorski, Daniel E. 1997. Effect of fiberglass reinforcement on the behavior of bolted wood connections.
• Green, D. W.; Ross, Robert. 1997. Linking log quality with product performance.
• Halabe, Udaya B.; Bidigalu, Gangadhar M.; GangaRao, Hota V.S.; Ross, Robert J. 1997. Nondestructive evaluation of green wood using stress wave and transverse vibration techniques.
• Schmoldt, Daniel L.; Nelson, Robert M.; Ross, Robert J.; McDonald, Kent A. 1997. Ultrasonic Inspection of Wooden Pallet Parts Using Time of Flight.
• Schad, Kristin C.; Schmoldt, Daniel L.; Ross, Robert J. 1996. Nondestructive Methods for Detecting Defects in Softwood Logs.
• Schmoldt, Daniel L.; Nelson, Robert M.; Ross, Robert J. 1996. Ultrasonic Defect Detection in Wooden Pallet Parts for Quality Sorting.
• Schmoldt, Daniel L.; Ross, Robert J.; Nelson, Robert M. 1996. Ultrasonic defect detection in wooden pallet parts for quality sorting.

Research Highlights

Highlight	Title	Year
FPL-2012-17	America's Iconic Covered Bridges Documented With As Built Records Laser scanning technology provides details of historic covered timber bridges	2012
FPL-2014-182	Assessment Manual for Timber Structures Helps Building Inspectors The Wood and Timber Condition Assessment Manual is an extremely valuable resource for wood design professionals. Forest Service scientists are ...	2014
FPL-2018-18	Bonding Mixed Species for Advanced Biomaterials Massive composite timbers, such as cross laminated timber (CLT), are essential for tall timber buildings that require use of locally available w ...	2018
FPL-2010-001	Centennial Edition, Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material The Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material serves as a primary reference document for a wide variety of users-from the general publ ...	2010
FPL-2018-20	Effects of Silviculture Practices on the Engineering Properties of Northern Hardwood Species of the Lake States Wood quality is an important determinant of its end use and therefore its value. Recent proliferation of novel engineered wood products has crea ...	2018
FPL-2011-07	Heat treating wooden ammunition pallets for invasive species Wood pallets serve as support for munitions loads and other military supplies transported within the continental U.S. and internationally. Despi ...	2011
FPL-2014-187	Inspection Protocols Help Preserve Ancient Chinese Structures Forest Service scientists worked with Chinese scientists and engineers to develop inspection procedures to aid in the preservation and restorati ...	2014
FPL-2018-13	International Research Institute Formed to Address Utilization of Plantation Grown Biomaterials Leading wood scientists and engineers from around the globe formed an international group to address conservation issues surrounding historic tr ...	2018
FPL-2012-14	Making the Most of Beetle-Killed Trees New manual gives land managers a variety of options for beetle-killed trees	2012
FPL-2013-138	New Acoustic Technology Evaluates Wood Quality of Standing Trees Lack of techniques to assess the quality of standing trees results in inefficient allocation of timber resources and also limits the ability of ...	2013
FPL-2019-74	Nondestructive Assessment of Wood Members in a Viewing Tower in Potawatomi State Park, Door County, Wisconsin, USA USDA Forest Service scientists assessed the condition of a historic observation tower to determine if it could be enjoyed safely.	2019
FPL-2016-60	Scientists Develop New Tool to Detect Internal Decay in Trees Through collaboration with an industrial partner, the Forest Service’s Forest Products Laboratory helped develop a handheld tool to assist tre ...	2016