Current Research

Wildland-urban interface (WUI) growth and policy interventions
Over the past 40 years, sprawling housing development has dramatically expanded the WUI, impacting biodiversity, native vegetation, and wildfire management. The 2010 WUI data are now published in an NRS R-Map; we will soon complete analysis of WUI change over three decades (1990-2010). I also examine alternatives to sprawl, such as conservation developments (i.e., clustered housing developments) that incorporate open space). While conservations developments contributed significantly to private land conservation in CO, their location near protected areas raised questions about their overall environmental impacts. Documenting growth management policies in areas with high WUI growth we find a variety of such policies and regulations in place, yet fewest in counties at the fringe of metropolitan areas where WUI growth is most rapid.

Adaptation, resilience, and vulnerability to hazards
National fire policy now calls for WUI communities to become “fire-adapted” so they coexist with wildfire, but does recovery after destructive wildfire lead to adaptation? Do people rebuild? Do they adapt to fire—change locations, materials, vegetation mitigation in meaningful ways? Examining fires that claimed homes (2000-2005, nationally) revealed that 25% of homes were rebuilt, but that new construction outpaced rebuilding, resulting in more buildings within fire perimeters 5 years after wildfire than before fire. My study of Colorado’s Front Range post-fire revealed that local regulations requiring fire-resistant materials and landscaping resulted in modest progress toward adaptation. I currently lead a JFSP project to examine rebuilding nationally, and find communities have made limited changes in local regulations post-fire with no evidence of changes in land use planning. Instead, communities are adapting through increased outreach, suppression, and voluntary programs.

Demographic change and resource management
Overall growth of the U.S. population has slowed since the 1950s, but its composition (race, ethnicity, age) and distribution (across regions, across urban to rural areas) continues to change due to many factors including amenity and retirement migration. I work with demographers and RPA scientists to summarize changes in population composition and distribution explore their implications for natural resource management. Using census data, we developed a wildfire-specific social vulnerability index. Spatial analysis indicates where social vulnerability overlaps with fire and other hazards. We plan to use prescribed-fire smoke projections to identify smoke-related health risks for sensitive populations (e.g., elderly, young, minority).

Research Interests

I am a research scientist who studies conservation and land use, combining ecological and social science. Current research at the Northern Research Station focuses on understanding changing natural resource use and management with shifting human demographics, including examining mapping the growth of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) over time, examining rebuilding in the WUI after wildfire, studying housing development and its ecological and social effects, exploring alternative forms of development such as conservation development, and studying changing patterns of wildlife-based recreation (hunting and viewing). Research during my graduate career examined the linked ecological and social dynamics of subsistence wildlife harvesting in a Central African logging concession.

Past Research

1. Changes in wildlife-associated recreation participation (hunting and viewing) over time. 2. Analysis of housing growth in New England using census data to elucidate trends in the spatial and temporal development of residential housing, in and around the Northern Forest, from 1940-2000. 3. Doctoral research examined the spatial distribution and sustainability of hunting outside a protected area in Congo-Brazzaville

Why This Research is Important

Our communities have experienced substantial demographic, social, and economic transformations over the past 30 years. Suburban and exurban areas are become larger and more diverse, as residential development continues and population deconcentrates. Documenting these trends and understanding the factors that underlie them is essential to finding new ways of mitigating the impacts on natural resources. These changes will only intensify in the 21st Century: Americans are rapidly diversifying, sprawl is increasing, and climate change will increase disturbance from natural hazards (hurricanes, flooding, wildfire). 

Education

• Tufts University, B.S. Biopsychology 1999
• Columbia University, M.A. Ecology
• Columbia University, Ph.D. Ecology 2008

Featured Publications & Products

• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Fishler, Hillary K.; Stewart, Susan I. 2018. Does Wildfire Open a Policy Window Local Government and Community Adaptation After Fire in the United States.
• Radeloff, Volker C.; Helmers, David P.; Kramer, H. Anu; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Alexandre, Patricia M.; Bar-Massada, Avi ; Butsic, Van ; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Martinuzzi, Sebastián ; Syphard, Alexandra D.; Stewart, Susan I. 2018. Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk.
• Kramer, Heather Anu; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Alexandre, Patricia M.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2019. High wildfire damage in interface communities in California.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Hammer, Roger B. 2016. Recovery and adaptation after wildfire on the Colorado Front Range (2010 12).
• Pejchar, Liba; Reed, Sarah E.; Bixler, Patrick; Ex, Lindsay; Mockrin, Miranda H. 2015. Consequences of residential development for biodiversity and human well-being.
• Alexandre, Patricia M.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Hammer, Roger B.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2015. Rebuilding and new housing development after wildfire.

Publications

• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Helmers, David ; Martinuzzi, Sebastian ; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2022. Growth of the wildland-urban interface within and around U.S. National Forests and Grasslands, 1990 2010.
• Kondo, Michelle C.; Reid, Colleen E.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Heilman, Warren E.; Long, David . 2022. Socio-demographic and health vulnerability in prescribed-burn exposed versus unexposed counties near the National Forest System.
• Kramer, H. Anu; Butsic, Van ; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Ramirez-Reyes, Carlos ; Alexandre, Patricia M.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2021. Post-wildfire rebuilding and new development in California indicates minimal adaptation to fire risk.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Fishler, Hillary K.; Stewart, Susan I. 2020. After the fire: Perceptions of land use planning to reduce wildfire risk in eight communities across the United States.
• Schumann, Ronald L.; Mockrin, Miranda ; Syphard, Alexandra D.; Whittaker, Joshua ; Price, Owen ; Gaither, Cassandra Johnson; Emrich, Christopher T.; Butsic, Van . 2020. Wildfire recovery as a hot moment for creating fire-adapted communities.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Locke, Dexter H.; Stewart, Susan I; Hammer, Roger B.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2019. Forests, houses, or both Relationships between land cover, housing characteristics, and resident socioeconomic status across ecoregions.
• Kondo, Michelle ; De Roos, Anneclaire ; White, Lauren ; Heilman, Warren ; Mockrin, Miranda ; Gross-Davis, Carol ; Burstyn, Igor . 2019. Meta-Analysis of Heterogeneity in the Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health in North America.
• Fishler, Hillary K.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I. 2019. Response and future readiness: Vegetation mitigation after destructive wildfire.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I; Matonis, Megan S.; Johnson, Kenneth M.; Hammer, Roger B.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2018. Sprawling and diverse: The changing U.S. population and implications for public lands in the 21st Century.
• Kramer, H. Anu; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Alexandre, Patricia M.; Stewart, Susan I; Radeloff, Volker C. 2018. Where wildfires destroy buildings in the US relative to the wildland urban interface and national fire outreach programs.
• Binder, Seth; Haight, Robert G.; Polasky, Stephen; Warziniack, Travis; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Deal, Robert L.; Arthaud, Greg. 2017. Assessment and valuation of forest ecosystem services: State of the science review.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Reed, Sarah E.; Pejchar, Liba; Salo, Jessica. 2017. Balancing housing growth and land conservation: Conservation development preserves private lands near protected areas.
• Alexandre, Patricia M.; Stewart, Susan I.; Keuler, Nicholas S.; Clayton, Murray K.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Bar-Massada, Avi; Syphard, Alexandra D.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2016. Factors related to building loss due to wildfires in the conterminous United States.
• Wigtil, Gabriel; Hammer, Roger B.; Kline, Jeffrey D.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Roper, Daniel; Radeloff, Volker C. 2016. Places where wildfire potential and social vulnerability coincide in the coterminous United States.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Hammer, Roger B.; Alexandre, Patricia M. 2015. Adapting to wildfire: Rebuilding after home loss.
• Heath, Linda S.; Anderson, Sarah M.; Emery, Marla R.; Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Littell, Jeremy; Lucier, Alan; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Peterson, David L.; Pouyat, Richard; Potter, Kevin M.; Robertson, Guy; Sperry, Jinelle; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Jovan, Sarah; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Musselman, Robert; Schulz, Bethany K.; Smith, Robert J.; Stewart, Susan I. 2015. Indicators of climate impacts for forests: recommendations for the US National Climate Assessment indicators system.
• Martinuzzi, Sebastiín; Stewart, Susan I.; Helmers, David P.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Hammer, Roger B.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2015. The 2010 wildland-urban interface of the conterminous United States.
• Alexandre, Patricia M.; Stewart, Susan I.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Keuler, Nicholas S.; Syphard, Alexandra D.; Bar-Massada, Avi; Clayton, Murray K.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2015. The relative impacts of vegetation, topography and spatial arrangement on building loss to wildfires in case studies of California and Colorado.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.;  Bowker, J. M.;  Smith, Katherine;  West, Cindi. 2014. Outdoor recreation in shifting societal and natural landscapes.
• Baldwin, Rob; Scherzinger, Ryan; Lipscomb, Don; Mockrin, Miranda; Stein, Susan. 2014. Planning for land use and conservation: Assessing GIS-based conservation software for land use planning.
• Mockrin, M. H.; Lilja, R. L.; Weidner, E.; Stein, S. M.; Carr, M. A. 2014. Private forests, housing growth, and America s water supply: A report from the Forests on the Edge and Forests to Faucets Projects.
• Sturges, Frank; Joyce, Linda; Brown, Tom; Flather, Curt; Mockrin, Miranda; Reeves, Matt. 2013. Science You Can Use (SYCU) - Coming to a landscape near you: Natural resource changes in the Interior West.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Stewart, Susan I.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Hammer, Roger B.; Johnson, Kenneth M. 2013. Spatial and temporal residential density patterns from 1940 to 2000 in and around the Northern Forest.
• Bar-Massada, Avi; Stewart, Susan I.; Hammer, Roger B.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2013. Using structure locations as a basis for mapping the wildland urban interface.
• Johnson, Kenneth M.; Stewart, Susan I.; Mockrin, Miranda H. 2012. Demographic change in the northern forest.
• Stewart, Susan I.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Hammer, Roger B. 2012. Linking human and natural systems in the planning process.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Gravenmier, Rebecca A. 2012. Synthesis of wind energy development and potential impacts on wildlife in the Pacific Northwest, Oregon and Washington.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Aiken, Richard A.; Flather, Curtis H. 2012. Wildlife-associated recreation trends in the United States: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment.
• Mockrin, Miranda H.; Rockwell, Robert F.; Redford, Kent H.; Keuler, Nicholas S. 2011. Effects of landscape features on the distribution and sustainability of ungulate hunting in northern Congo.

Research Highlights

Highlight	Title	Year
RMRS-2015-54	Adapting to Wildfire: Rebuilding After Home Loss Wildfire management now emphasizes fire-adapted communities that coexist with wildfires, although it is unclear how communities will progress to ...	2015
RMRS-2013-116	Changing Patterns of Wildlife Hunting and Viewing These findings help resource specialists explore the potential impacts of declining hunting participation, identify regions and activities that ...	2013
NRS-2019-111	Interface Areas Are Critical to Wildfire Losses In California, wildfire management has become more complex, costly, and dangerous. Research by a USDA Forest Service scientist and her partners ...	2019
NRS-2016-137	Leading by example: Federal agencies use Forest Service Data on Wildland-Urban Interface to reduce fire risk The U.S. Forest Service’s high-resolution mapping of wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas across the United States is being widely used throug ...	2016
NRS-2018-100	Rapid Wildland-Urban Interface Growth Increases Wildfire Challenges The wildland-urban interface (WUI), where homes meet or intermingle with undeveloped forests and grasslands, is a critical area for wildfire and ...	2018
RMRS-2016-208	Rebuilding After Wildfire: New Development Outpaces Rebuilds When wildland fires destroy buildings, do people rebuild? This study shows that the number of buildings inside the perimeter five years after th ...	2016