Research Interests

My current research interests include: understanding how drought impacts fire regimes, forest hydrology and watershed health; the restoration of composition, structure, function and dynamics of forest ecosystems, especially in  landscapes degraded by the interactions of fire, drought and invasive species; and community based solutions to managing threats to forests and restoring landscapes.

Why This Research is Important

This research is important because countless native species and human communities rely on forests for goods and services, and with changes to these systems due to fire, drought or invasive species, the capacity of these systems to meet the needs of nature and society are compromised. By understanding these systems, the impact of threats like fire, drought and invasive species, and how to manage them for multiple benefits to species and society, we can enhance the ecological health of these systems and the well-being of those communities dependent on these systems.

Professional Organizations

• USDA Climate Hub, Southwest Region, Co-Director (2018 - Current)
• University of Hawaii at Manoa - Natural Resources and Envirnomental Management, Adjunct Faculty (2007 - Current)
• Hawaii Conservation Alliance, Usda Forest Service Representative (2006 - Current)

Publications

• Giardina, Christian ; Goldstein, Bruce Evan; Grove, Morgan ; Campbell, Lindsay K.; Svendsen, Erika ; McMillen, Heather . 2019. A proposed multi-agency program for stewardship science.
• Kealiikanakaoleohaililani, Kekuhi ; McMillen, Heather ; Giardina, Christian ; Francisco, Kainana . 2019. Cultivating sacred kinship to strengthen resilience.
• Menge, Duncan N. L.; Chisholm, Ryan A.; Davies, Stuart J.; Abu Salim, Kamariah ; Allen, David ; Alvarez, Mauricio ; Bourg, Norm ; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh ; Butt, Nathalie ; Cao, Min ; Chanthorn, Wirong ; Chao, Wei‐Chun ; Clay, Keith ; Condit, Richard ; Cordell, Susan ; Silva, João Batista; Dattaraja, H. S.; Andrade, Ana Cristina Segalin; Oliveira, Alexandre A.; den Ouden, Jan ; Drescher, Michael ; Fletcher, Christine ; Giardina, Christian P.; Savitri Gunatilleke, C. V; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. Nimal; Hau, Billy C. H.; He, Fangliang ; Howe, Robert ; Hsieh, Chang‐Fu ; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Inman‐Narahari, Faith M.; Jansen, Patrick A.; Johnson, Daniel J.; Kong, Lee Sing; Král, Kamil ; Ku, Chen‐Chia ; Lai, Jiangshan ; Larson, Andrew J.; Li, Xiankun ; Li, Yide ; Lin, Luxiang ; Lin, YiChing ; Liu, Shirong ; Lum, Shawn K. Y.; Lutz, James A.; Ma, Keping ; Malhi, Yadvinder ; McMahon, Sean ; McShea, William ; Mi, Xiangcheng ; Morecroft, Michael ; Myers, Jonathan A.; Nathalang, Anuttara ; Novotny, Vojtech ; Ong, Perry ; Orwig, David A.; Ostertag, Rebecca ; Parker, Geoffrey ; Phillips, Richard P.; Abd. Rahman, Kassim ; Sack, Lawren ; Sang, Weiguo ; Shen, Guochun ; Shringi, Ankur ; Shue, Jessica ; Su, Sheng‐Hsin ; Sukumar, Raman ; Sun, I‐Fang ; Suresh, H. S.; Tan, Sylvester ; Thomas, Sean C.; Toko, Pagi S.; Valencia, Renato ; Vallejo, Martha I; Vicentini, Alberto ; Vrška, Tomáš ; Wang, Bin ; Wang, Xihua ; Weiblen, George D.; Wolf, Amy ; Xu, Han ; Yap, Sandra ; Zhu, Li ; Fung, Tak . 2019. Patterns of nitrogen fixing tree abundance in forests across Asia and America.
• Lyu, Maokui ; Xie, Jinsheng ; Giardina, Christian P.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; Feng, Xiaojuan ; Wang, Minhuang ; Ukonmaanaho, Liisa ; Lin, Teng-Chiu ; Kuzyakov, Yakov ; Yang, Yusheng . 2019. Understory ferns alter soil carbon chemistry and increase carbon storage during reforestation with native pine on previously degraded sites.
• Medeiros, Camila D.; Scoffoni, Christine ; John, Grace P.; Bartlett, Megan K.; Inman-Narahari, Faith ; Ostertag, Rebecca ; Cordell, Susan ; Giardina, Christian ; Sack, Lawren . 2018. An extensive suite of functional traits distinguishes Hawaiian wet and dry forests and enables prediction of species vital rates.
• Johnson, Daniel J.; Needham, Jessica ; Xu, Chonggang ; Massoud, Elias C.; Davies, Stuart J.; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh ; Chambers, Jeffery Q.; Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao ; Chiang, Jyh-Min ; Chuyong, George B.; Condit, Richard ; Cordell, Susan ; Fletcher, Christine ; Giardina, Christian P.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Gunatilleke, Nimal ; Gunatilleke, Savitri ; Hsieh, Chang-Fu ; Hubbell, Stephen ; Inman-Narahari, Faith ; Kassim, Abdul Rahman; Katabuchi, Masatoshi ; Kenfack, David ; Litton, Creighton M.; Lum, Shawn ; Mohamad, Mohizah ; Nasardin, Musalmah ; Ong, Perry S.; Ostertag, Rebecca ; Sack, Lawren ; Swenson, Nathan G.; Sun, I Fang; Tan, Sylvester ; Thomas, Duncan W.; Thompson, Jill ; Umaña, Maria Natalia; Uriarte, Maria ; Valencia, Renato ; Yap, Sandra ; Zimmerman, Jess ; McDowell, Nate G.; McMahon, Sean M. 2018. Climate sensitive size-dependent survival in tropical trees.
• Lake, Frank; Giardina, Christian; Parrota, J.A.; Hunt-Davidson, I. 2018. Considering diverse knowledge systems in forest landscape restoration.
• Lutz, James A.; Furniss, Tucker J.; Johnson, Daniel J.; Davies, Stuart J.; Allen, David ; Alonso, Alfonso ; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Andrade, Ana ; Baltzer, Jennifer ; Becker, Kendall M. L.; Blomdahl, Erika M.; Bourg, Norman A.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh ; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Cansler, C. Alina; Cordell, Susan; Giardina, Christian. 2018. Global importance of large-diameter trees.
• Noori, Lihla ; Atkinson, Scott ; Anders, E. ; Parks, John ; Giardina, Christian ; Winter, Kawika ; Mejia, Manuel ; Feinholz, Christine ; Mathews, Tiffany . 2018. How healthy is your ahupua'a.
• Strauch, Ayron M.; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Bruland, Gregory L. 2018. Influence of declining mean annual rainfall on the behavior and yield of sediment and particulate organic carbon from tropical watersheds.
• Lake, Frank; Parrotta, John; Giardina, Christian; Hunt-Davidson, Iain; Uprety, Yadav. 2018. Integration of Traditional and Western knowledge in forest landscape restoration.
• Craven, Dylan ; Knight, Tiffany ; Barton, Kasey ; Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia ; Cordell, Susan ; Giardina, Christian ; Gillespie, Thomas ; Ostertag, Rebecca ; Sack, Lawren ; Chase, Jonathan . 2018. OpenNahele: the open Hawaiian forest plot database.
• Kealiikanakaoleohaililani, Kekuhi ; Kurashima, Natalie ; Francisco, Kainana ; Giardina, Christian ; Louis, Renee ; McMillen, Heather ; Asing, C. ; Asing, Kayla ; Block, Tabetha ; Browning, Mililani ; Camara, Kualii ; Camara, Lahela ; Dudley, Melanie ; Frazier, Monika ; Gomes, Noah ; Gordon, Amy ; Gordon, Marc ; Heu, Linnea ; Irvine, Aliah ; Kaawa, Nohea ; Kirkpatrick, Sean ; Leucht, Emily ; Perry, Cheyenne ; Replogle, John ; Salbosa, Lasha-Lynn ; Sato, Aimee ; Schubert, Linda ; Sterling, Amelie ; Uowolo, Amanda ; Uowolo, Jermy ; Walker, Bridget ; Whitehead, A. ; Yogi, Darcy . 2018. Ritual + sustainability science A portal into the science of aloha.
• Wilson Rankin, Erin E.; Knowlton, Jessie L.; Gruner, Daniel S.; Flaspohler, David J.; Giardina, Christian P.; Leopold, Devin R.; Buckardt, Anna ; Pitt, William C.; Fukami, Tadashi . 2018. Vertical foraging shifts in Hawaiian forest birds in response to invasive rat removal.
• Lin, Weisheng ; Li, Yiqing ; Yang, Zhijie ; Giardina, Christian P.; Xie, Jinsheng ; Chen, Shidong ; Lin, Chengfang ; Kuzyakov, Yakov ; Yang, Yusheng . 2018. Warming exerts greater impacts on subsoil than topsoil CO2 efflux in a subtropical forest.
• Povak, Nicholas A.; Hessburg, Paul F.; Giardina, Christian P.; Reynolds, Keith M.; Heider, Chris; Salminen, Ed; Salter, R. Brion; MacKenzie, Richard A. 2017. A watershed decision support tool for managing invasive species on Hawai i Island, USA.
• Pierre, S.; Hewson, I.; Sparks, J. P.; Litton, C. M.; Giardina, C.; Groffman, P. M.; Fahey, T. J. 2017. Ammonia oxidizer populations vary with nitrogen cycling across a tropical montane mean annual temperature gradient.
• Selmants, P.C.; Giardina, C.P.; Jacobi, J.D.;  Zhu, Zhiliang. 2017. Baseline and projected future carbon storage and carbon fluxes in ecosystems of Hawai i.
• Selmants, Paul C.; Giardina, Christian P.; Sousan, Sinan; Knapp, David E.; Kimball, Heather L.; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Moreno, Alvaro; Seirer, Jami; Running, Steve W.; Miura, Tomoaki; Bergstrom, Rafael; Litton, Creighton M.; Asner, Gregory P. 2017. Baseline carbon storage and carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Hawai i.
• Janowiak, M.; Connelly, W.J.; Dante-Wood, K.; Domke, G.M.; Giardina, C.; Kayler, Z.; Marcinkowski, K.; Ontl, T.; Rodriguez-Franco, C.; Swanston, C.; Woodall, C.W.; Buford, M. 2017. Considering Forest and Grassland Carbon in Land Management.
• Sterling, Eleanor; Ticktin, Tamara; Kipa Kepa Morgan, Tē; Cullman, Georgina; Alvira, Diana; Andrade, Pelika; Bergamini, Nadia; Betley, Erin; Burrows, Kate; Caillon, Sophie; Claudet, Joachim; Dacks, Rachel; Eyzaguirre, Pablo; Filardi, Chris; Gazit, Nadav; Giardina, Christian; Jupiter, Stacy; Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna; McCarter, Joe; Mejia, Manuel; Morishige, Kanoe; Newell, Jennifer; Noori, Lihla; Parks, John; Pascua, Pua‘ala; Ravikumar, Ashwin; Tanguay, Jamie; Sigouin, Amanda; Stege, Tina; Stege, Mark; Wali, Alaka. 2017. Culturally grounded indicators of resilience in social-ecological systems.
• Helweg, Dave; Giardina, Christian. 2017. Ecological drought in the Hawaiian Islands: unique tropical systems are vulnerable to drought.
• Mueller, Liam O.; Breza, Lauren C.; Genung, Mark A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Stone, Nathan E.; Sidak-Loftis, Lindsay C.; Busch, Joseph D.; Wagner, David M.; Bailey, Joseph K.; Schweitzer, Jennifer A. 2017. Ecosystem consequences of plant genetic divergence with colonization of new habitat.
• Kimball, Heather L.; Selmants, Paul C.; Moreno, Alvaro; Running, Steve W.; Giardina, Christian P.; Poulter, Benjamin. 2017. Evaluating the role of land cover and climate uncertainties in computing gross primary production in Hawaiian Island ecosystems.
• Selmants, Paul C.; Giardina, Christian P.; Jacobi, James D.; Fortini, Lucas B.; Hughes, R. Flint; Hawbaker, Todd J.; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Zhu, Zhiliang. 2017. Executive Summary Baseline and projected future carbon storage and carbon fluxes in ecosystems of Hawai i.
• Selmants, Paul C.; Giardina, Christian P.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Liu, Jinxun; Zhu, Zhiliang. 2017. Hawai i carbon balance.
• Long, Michael S.; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Deenik, Jonathan; Cole, Rebecca J.; Sparks, Jed P. 2017. Impact of nonnative feral pig removal on soil structure and nutrient availability in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests.
• Hughes, R. Flint; Asner, Gregory P.; Litton, Creighton M.; Selmants, Paul C.; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Jacobi, James D.; Giardina, Christian P.; Sleeter, Benjamin M. 2017. Influence of invasive species on carbon storage in Hawai i's ecosystems.
• Strauch, Ayron M.; Giardina, Christian P.; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Heider, Chris; Giambelluca, Tom W.; Salminen, Ed; Bruland, Gregory L. 2017. Modeled effects of climate change and plant invasion on watershed function across a steep tropical rainfall gradient.
• Knowlton, Jessie L.; Flaspohler, David J.; Paxton, Eben H.; Fukami, Tadashi; Giardina, Christian P.; Gruner, Daniel S.; Rankin, Erin E. Wilson. 2017. Movements of four native Hawaiian birds across a naturally fragmented landscape.
• LaManna, Joseph A.; Mangan, Scott A.; Alonso, Alfonso; Bourg, Norman A.; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh; Chang, Li-Wan; Chiang, Jyh-Min; Chuyong, George B.; Clay, Keith; Condit, Richard; Cordell, Susan; Davies, Stuart J.; Furniss, Tucker J.; Giardina, Christian P.; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. Nimal; Gunatilleke, C. V. Savitri; He, Fangliang; Howe, Robert W.; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Hsieh, Chang-Fu; Inman-Narahari, Faith M.; Janík, David; Johnson, Daniel J.; Kenfack, David; Korte, Lisa; Král, Kamil; Larson, Andrew J.; Lutz, James A.; McMahon, Sean M.; McShea, William J.; Memiaghe, Hervé R.; Nathalang, Anuttara; Novotny, Vojtech; Ong, Perry S.; Orwig, David A.; Ostertag, Rebecca; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Phillips, Richard P.; Sack, Lawren; Sun, I-Fang; Tello, J. Sebastián; Thomas, Duncan W.; Turner, Benjamin L.; Vela Díaz, Dilys M.; Vrška, Tomáš; Weiblen, George D.; Wolf, Amy; Yap, Sandra; Myers, Jonathan A. 2017. Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale.
• Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Liu, Jinxun; Daniel, Colin J.; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Wilson, Tamara S.; Fortini, Lucas B.; Jacobi, James D.; Selmants, Paul C.; Giardina, Christian P.; Litton, Creighton M.; Hughes, R. Flint. 2017. Projected future carbon storage and carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Hawai i from changes in climate, land use, and disturbance.
• Giardina, Christian P.; Selmants, Paul C.; Jacobi, James D. 2017. Scope and methodology.
• Hawbaker, Todd J.; Trauernicht, Clay; Howard, Stephen M.; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Jacobi, James D.; Fortini, Lucas B.; Hughes, R. Flint; Selmants, Paul C.; Zhu, Zhiliang. 2017. Wildland fires and greenhouse gas emissions in Hawai i.
• Liu, Xiaofei; Yang, Zhijie; Lin, Chengfang; Giardina, Christian P.; Xiong, Decheng; Lin, Weisheng; Chen, Shidong; Xu, Chao; Chen, Guangshui; Xie, Jinsheng; Li, Yiqing; Yang, Yusheng. 2017. Will nitrogen deposition mitigate warming-increased soil respiration in a young subtropical plantation.
• Inman-Narahari, Faith; Ostertag, Rebecca; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Giardina, Christian P.; Cordell, Susan; Sack, Lawren; MacDougall, Andrew. 2016. Density-dependent seedling mortality varies with light availability and species abundance in wet and dry Hawaiian forests.
• Kealiikanakaoleohaililani, Kekuhi; Giardina, Christian P. 2016. Embracing the sacred: an indigenous framework for tomorrow's sustainability science.
• Selmants, Paul C.; Adair, Karen L.; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Schwartz, Egbert. 2016. Increases in mean annual temperature do not alter soil bacterial community structure in tropical montane wet forests.
• Asner, Gregory P.; Sousan, Sinan; Knapp, David E.; Selmants, Paul C.; Martin, Roberta E.; Hughes, R. Flint; Giardina, Christian P. 2016. Rapid forest carbon assessments of oceanic islands: a case study of the Hawaiian archipelago.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Jurgensen, Martin F.; Pickens, James; Miller, Chris; Page-Dumroese, Deborah; Giardina, Christian P. 2016. Role of soil texture, clay mineralogy, location, and temperature in coarse wood decomposition - a mesocosm experiment.
• Strauch, Ayron M.; Bruland, Gregory L.; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P. 2016. Soil and hydrological responses to wild pig (Sus scofa) exclusion from native and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)-invaded tropical montane wet forests.
• Gahagan, Adam; Giardina, Christian P.; King, John S.; Binkley, Dan; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Burton, Andrew J. 2015. Carbon fluxes, storage and harvest removals through 60 years of stand development in red pine plantations and mixed hardwood stands in Northern Michigan, USA.
• Strauch, Ayron M.; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Bruland, Gregory L. 2015. Climate driven changes to rainfall and streamflow patterns in a model tropical island hydrological system.
• Friday, James B.; Cordell, Susan; Giardina, Christian P.; Inman-Narahari, Faith; Koch, Nicholas; Leary, James J. K.; Litton, Creighton M.; Trauernicht, Clay. 2015. Future directions for forest restoration in Hawai'i.
• Vaughn, Nicholas R.; Asner, Gregory P.; Giardina, Christian P. 2015. Long-term fragmentation effects on the distribution and dynamics of canopy gaps in a tropical montane forest.
• Trauernicht, Clay; Pickett, Elizabeth; Giardina, Christian; Litton, Creighton M.; Cordell, Susan; Beavers, Andrew. 2015. The contemporary scale and context of wildfire in Hawai'i.
• Dendy, Julian; Cordell, Susan; Giardina, Christian P.; Hwang, Bernice; Polloi, Edwin; Rengulbai, Kashgar. 2015. The role of remnant forest patches for habitat restoration in degraded areas of Palau.
• Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Davies, Stuart J.; Bennett, Amy C.; Gonzalez-Akre, Erika B.; Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Joseph Wright, S.; Abu Salim, Kamariah; Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica M.; Alonso, Alfonso; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Basset, Yves; Bourg, Norman A.; Broadbent, Eben N.; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Butt, Nathalie; Cao, Min; Cardenas, Dairon; Chuyong, George B.; Clay, Keith; Cordell, Susan; Dattaraja, Handanakere S.; Deng, Xiaobao; Detto, Matteo; Du, Xiaojun; Duque, Alvaro; Erikson, David L.; Ewango, Corneille E.N.; Fischer, Gunter A.; Fletcher, Christine; Foster, Robin B.; Giardina, Christian P.; Gilbert, Gregory S.; Gunatilleke, Nimal; Gunatilleke, Savitri; Hao, Zhanqing; Hargrove, William W.; Hart, Terese B.; Hau, Billy C.H.; He, Fangliang; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Howe, Robert W.; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Inman-Narahari, Faith M.; Jansen, Patrick A.; Jiang, Mingxi; Johnson, Daniel J.; Kanzaki, Mamoru; Kassim, Abdul Rahman; Kenfack, David; Kibet, Staline; Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Korte, Lisa; Kral, Kamil; Kumar, Jitendra; Larson, Andrew J.; Li, Yide; Li, Xiankun; Liu, Shirong; Lum, Shawn K.Y.; Lutz, James A.; Ma, Keping; Maddalena, Damian M.; Makana, Jean-Remy; Malhi, Yadvinder; Marthews, Toby; Mat Serudin, Rafizah; McMahon, Sean M.; McShea, William J.; Memiaghe, Hervé R.; Mi, Xiangcheng; Mizuno, Takashi; Morecroft, Michael; Myers, Jonathan A.; Novotny, Vojtech; de Oliveira, Alexandre A.; Ong, Perry S.; Orwig, David A.; Ostertag, Rebecca; den Ouden, Jan; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Phillips, Richard P.; Sack, Lawren; Sainge, Moses N.; Sang, Weiguo; Sri-ngernyuang, Kriangsak; Sukumar, Raman; Sun, I-Fang; Sungpalee, Witchaphart; Suresh, Hebbalalu Sathyanarayana; Tan, Sylvester; Thomas, Sean C.; Thomas, Duncan W.; Thompson, Jill; Turner, Benjamin L.; Uriarte, Maria; Valencia, Renato; Vallejo, Marta I.; Vicentini, Alberto; Vrška, Tomáš; Wang, Xihua; Wang, Xugao; Weiblen, George; Wolf, Amy; Xu, Han; Yap, Sandra; Zimmerman, Jess. 2014. CTFS-ForestGEO: a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change.
• Vaughn, Nicholas; Asner, Greg; Giardina, Christian. 2014. Centennial impacts of fragmentation on the canopy structure of tropical montane forest.
• Strauch, Ayron M.; Mackenzie, Richard A.; Bruland, Gregory L.; Tingley, Ralph; Giardina, Christian P. 2014. Climate change and land use drivers of fecal bacteria in tropical Hawaiian rivers.
• Selmants, Paul; Litton, Creighton; Giardina, Christian P.; Asner, Greg P. 2014. Ecosystem carbon storage does not vary with increasing mean annual temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests.
• Ostertag, R.; Inman-Narahari, F.; Cordell, S.; Giardina, C.P.; Sack, L. 2014. Forest structure in low diversity tropical forests: a study of Hawaiian wet and dry forests.
• Bothwell, Lori D.; Selmants, Paul C.; Giardina, Christian P.; Litton, Creighton M. 2014. Leaf litter decomposition rates increase with rising mean annual temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests.
• Broadbent, Eben N.; Zambrano, Angélica M. Almeyda; Asner, Gregory P.; Field, Christopher B.; Rosenheim, Brad E.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Knapp, David E.; Burke, David; Giardina, Christian; Cordell, Susan. 2014. Linking rainforest ecophysiology and microclimate through fusion of airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery.
• Peterson, David L.; Wolken, J.M.; Hollingsworth, Teresa; Giardina, Christian; Littell, J.S.; Joyce, Linda; Swanston, Chris; Handler, Stephen; Rustad, Lindsey; McNulty, Steve. 2014. Regional Highlights of Climate Change.
• Pierce, Andrew D.; McDaniel, Sierra; Wasser, Mark; Ainsworth, Alison; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Cordell, Susan; Ohlemuller, Ralf. 2014. Using a prescribed fire to test custom and standard fuel models for fire behaviour prediction in a non-native, grass-invaded tropical dry shrubland.
• Giardina, Christian P.; Litton, Creighton M.; Crow, Susan E.; Asner, Gregory P. 2014. Warming-related increases in soil CO2 efflux are explained by increased below-ground carbon flux.
• Vaughn, Nicholas R.; Asner, Greg P.; Giardina, Christian P. 2013. A polar grid estimator of forest canopy structure metrics using airborne laser scanning data.
• Iwashita, Darcey K.; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P. 2013. Coarse woody debris carbon storage across a mean annual temperature gradient in tropical montane wet forest.
• Cram, Douglas; Cordell, Susan; Friday, James B.; Giardina, Christian; Litton, Creighton M.; Moller, Eric; Pickett, Elizabeth. 2013. Fire and drought in paradise Say it isn t so, Smokey.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Giardina, Christian P.; Kolka, Randall K. 2013. Reduced substrate supply limits the temperature response of soil organic carbon decomposition.
• Inman-Narahari, Faith; Ostertag, Rebecca; Cordell, Susan; Giardian, Christian P.; Kehauwealani, Nelson-Kaula; Sack, Lawren. 2013. Seedling recruitment factors in low-diversity Hawaiian wet forest: towards global comparisons among tropical forests.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Giardina, Christian P.; Kolka, Randall K. 2013. The effects of substrate supply on the temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition.
• Giardina, Christian. 2012. Appendix 1: Regional summaries - Hawaii and U.S Affiliated Pacific Islands.
• Giardina, Christian P. 2012. Review of Cabin, Robert J. 2011. Intelligent tinkering: bridging the gap between science and practice. The science and practice of ecological restoration.
• McKinley, Duncan C.; Ryan, Michael G.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Harmon, Mark E.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jackson, Robert B.; Morrison, James F.; Murray, Brian C.; Pataki, Diane E.; Skog, Kenneth E. 2011. A synthesis of current knowledge on forests and carbon storage in the United States.
• Alessa, Lilian; Andrade, Carlos; Cash Cash, Phil; Giardina, Christian P.; Hamabata, Matt; Hammer, Craig; Henifin, Kai; Joachim, Lee; Johnson, Jay T.; Kealiikanakaoleohaililani, Kekuhi; Kingston, Deanna; Kliskey, Andrew; Louis, Renee Pualani; Lynch, Amanda; McKenny, Daryn; Marshall, Chels; Roberts, Mere; Tangaro, Taupouri; Wheaton-Abraham, Jyl; Wingert, Everett. 2011. Indigenous knowledges driving technological innovation.
• Talhelm, Alan F.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Giardina, Christian P. 2011. Long-term leaf production response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone.
• Conant, Richard T.; Ryan, Michael; Agren, Goran I.; Birge, Hannah E.; Davidson, Eric A.; Eliasson, Peter E.; Evans, Sarah E.; Frey, Serita D.; Giardina, Christian P.; Hopkins, Francesca M.; Hyvonen, Riitta; Kirschbaum, Miko U. F .; Lavallee, Jocelyn M.; Leifeld, Jens; Parton, William J.; Steinweg, Jessica Megan; Wallenstein, Matthew D.; Wetterstedt, J . A. Martin; Bradford, Mark A. 2011. Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward.
• Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Albano, Jeremy K.; Long, Michael S.; Asner, Gregory P. 2011. The magnitude and variability of soil-surface CO2 efflux increase with temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests.
• Ryan, Michael G.; Harmon, Mark E.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jackson, Robert B.; McKinley, Duncan C.; Morrison, James F.; Murray, Brian C.; Pataki, Diane E.; Skog, Kenneth E. 2010. A synthesis of the science on forests and carbon for U.S. Forests.
• Ise, Takeshi; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Ito, Akihiko. 2010. Comparison of modeling approaches for carbon partitioning: Impact on estimates of global net primary production and equilibrium biomass of woody vegetation from MODIS GPP.
• Inman-Narahari, Faith; Giardina, Christian; Ostertag, Rebecca; Cordell, Susan; Sack, Lawren. 2010. Digital data collection in forest dynamics plots.
• Flaspohler, David J.; Giardina, Christian P.; Asner, Gregory P.; Hart, Patrick; Price, Jonathan; Lyons, Cassie Ka’apu; Castaneda, Xeronimo. 2010. Long-term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests.
• Kolka, Randall K.; Giardina, Christian P.; McClure, Jason D.; Mayer, Alex; Jurgensen, Martin F. 2010. Partitioning hydrologic contributions to an 'old-growth' riparian area in the Huron Mountains of Michigan, USA.
• Ryan, Michael G.; Harmon, Mark E.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jackson, Robert B.; McKinley, Duncan C.; Morrison, James F.; Murray, Brian C.; Pataki, Diane E.; Skog, Kenneth E. 2010. S ntesis del estado del conocimiento del ciclo de carbono en ecosistemas boscosos de los Estados Unidos.
• Lui, Lingli; King, John S.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Giardina, Christian P.; Allen, H. Lee; Hu, Shuijin. 2009. Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm study.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Giardina, Christian P.; Kolka, Randall K.; Trettin, Carl C. 2009. Soil organic carbon quality in forested mineral wetlands at different mean annual temperature..
• Liu, Lingli; King, John S.; Giardina, Christian P.; Booker, Fitzgerald L. 2009. The influence of chemistry, production and community composition under elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 in a northern hardwood ecosystem.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Giardina, Christian P.; Swanston, Christopher W.; King, Gary M.; Kolka, Randall K. 2009. Variable temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon in North American forests.
• Litton, C.M.; Giardina, C.P. 2008. Below-ground carbon flux and partitioning: global patterns and response to temperature.
• Giardina, Christian; Hays, Frank; Jacobi, Jim; Kosaki, Randall; Mehrhoff, Loyal; Miller, Stephen. 2008. Climate change in the Hawaiian Islands.
• Taylor, Gail; Tallis, Matthew J.; Giardina, Christian P.; Percy, Kevin E.; Miglietta, Franco; Gupta, Pooja S.; Gioli, Beniamin; Calfapietra, Carlo; Gielen, Birgit; Kubiske, Mark E.; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E.; Kets, Katre; Long, Stephen P.; Karnosky, David F. 2008. Future atmospheric CO2 leads to delayed autumnal senescence.
• Karberg, Noah J.; Scott, Neal A.; Giardina, Christian P. 2008. Methods for estimating litter decomposition. Chapter 8.
• Fissore, Cinzia; Giardina, Christian P.; Kolka, Randall K.; Trettin, Carl C.; King, Gary M.; Jurgensen, Martin F.; Barton, Christopher D.; McDowell, S. Douglas. 2008. Temperature and vegetation effects on soil organic carbon quality along a forested mean annual temperature gradient in North America.
• Hancock, Jessica E.; Bradley, Kate L.; Giardina, Christian P.; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 2008. The influence of soil type and altered lignin biosynthesis on the physiology, growth and carbon allocation in Populus tremuloides.
• King, J.S.; Giardina, C.P.; Pregitzer, K.S.; Friend, A.L. 2007. Biomass partitioning in red pine (Pinus resinosa) along a chronosequence in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
• Liu, Lingli; King, John S.; Giardina, Christian P. 2007. Effects of elevated atmospheric Co2 and tropospheric O3 on nutrient dynamics: decomposition of leaf litter in trembling aspen and paper birch communities. Plant Soil. 299:65 82..
• Hancock, Jessica E.; Loya, Wendy M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Li, Laigeng; Chiang, Vincent L.; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 2007. Plant growth, biomass partitioning and soil carbon formation in response to altered lignin biosynthesis in Populus tremuloides.
• Giardina, Christian P.; Litton, Creighton M.; Thaxton, Jarrod M.; Cordell, Susan; Hadway, Lisa J.; Sandquist, Darren R. 2007. Science driven restoration: A candle in a demon haunted world—response to cabin.
• Bradley, Kate L.; Hancock, Jessica E.; Giardina, Christian P.; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 2007. Soil microbial community responses to altered lignin biosynthesis in Populus tremuloides vary among three distinct soils.
• Funk, Jennifer L.; Giardina, Christian P.; Knohl, Alexander; Lerdau, Manuel T. 2006. Influence of nutrient availability, stand age, and canopy structure on isoprene flux in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest.
• Liu, Lingli; King, John S.; Giardina, Christian P. 2005. Effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on leaf litter production and chemistry in trembling aspen and paper birch communities.
• Norby, R.; DeLucia, E.; Gielen, B.; Calfapietra, C.; Giardina, C.; King, J.; Ledford, J.; McCarthy, H.; Moore, D.; Ceulemans, R.; De Angelis, P.; Finzi, A. C.; Karnosky, D. F.; Kubiske, M. E.; Lukac, M.; Pregitzer, K. S.; Scarascia-Mugnozza, G. E.; Schlesinger and R. Oren., W. 2005. Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity.
• Giardina, Christian P.; Coleman, Mark; Binkley, Dan; Hancock, Jessica; King, John S.; Lilleskov, Erik; Loya, Wendy M.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Ryan, Michael G.; Trettin, Carl. 2005. The response of belowground carbon allocation in forests to global change.
• King, John S.; Kubiske, Mark E.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Hendrey, George R.; McDonald, Evan P.; Giardina, Christian P.; Quinn, Vanessa S.; Karnosky, David F. 2005. Tropospheric O3 compromises net primary production in young stands of trembling aspen, paper birch and sugar maple in response to elevated atmospheric CO2.
• Ryan, Michael G.; Binkley, Dan; Fownes, James H.; Giardina, Christian; Senock, Randy S. 2004. An experimental test of the causes of forest growth decline with stand age..
• Giardina, C.; Binkley, D.; Ryan, M.; Fownes, J. 2004. Belowground carbon cycling in a humid tropical forest decreases with fertilization.
• Hubbard, R.; Ryan, M.; Giardina, C.; Barnard, H. 2004. The Effect of Fertilization on Sap flux and Canopy Conductance in a Eucalyptus saligna Experimental Forest.
• Funk, Jennifer; Jones, Clive G.; Baker, Christine J.; Fuller, Heather M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Lerdua, Manuel T. 2003. Diurnal Variation in the Basal Emission Rate of Isoprene.
• Giardina, Christian P.; Ryan, Michael G.; Binkley, Dan; Binkley, Dan; Fownes, James H. 2003. Primary production and carbon allocation in relation to nutrient supply in a tropical experimental forest.
• Loya, Wendy M.; ; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Karberg, Noah J.; King, John S.; Giardina, Christian P.; Giardina, Christian P. 2003. Reduction of soil carbon formation by tropospheric ozone under increased carbon dioxide levels..
• Giardina, Christian P.; Ryan, Michael G. 2002. Total Belowground Carbon Allocation in a Fast-growing Eucalyptus Plantation Estimated Using a Carbon Balance Approach.

Research Highlights

Highlight	Title	Year
PSW-2017-251	Ecosystem carbon storage and productivity across the Hawaiian Islands Hawaii provides a model system for understanding the effects of environment on ecosystem carbon storage and flux. Forest Service scientists exam ...	2017
PSW-2012-10	Effects of Rising Temperature on Carbon Cycling and Storage in Ecosystems Scientists find that as ecosystems warm, they store more carbon, not less	2012
PSW-2016-50	Hawai’i Carbon Assessment Scientists conduct an assessment of current and projected future carbon stocks showing the fluxes and sequestration for the state of Hawai’i.	2016
PSW-2016-49	Interactive Effects of Climate Change and Invasive Species on Water Yield in Tropical Montane Forests Forest Service scientists quantify the impact of anticipated climate change and invasive species on water yield from streams using the Distribut ...	2016
PSW-2015-219	Long-term Fragmentation Reduces Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Productivity In the naturally fragmented tropical montane landscape in Hawaii, Forest Service researchers used a highly replicated (more than 600) set of fra ...	2015
PSW-2017-250	Long-term warming increases ecosystem nitrogen cycling In a model ecosystem study where mean annual temperature (MAT) increases with elevation but where many factors such as soils, soil moisture, and ...	2017
PSW-2014-097	Soil Carbon Storage in Tropical Montane Forests is Insensitive to Warming Soils contain more carbon than the atmosphere and all plant biomass combined. There is fear that warming will greatly increase the net release o ...	2014