Research Note INT-RP-475
The Wilderness Threats Matrix: A Framework for Assessing Impacts
References

• Cole, David N. 1987. Research on soil and vegetation in wilderness: a state-of-knowledge review. In: Lucas, Robert C., comp. Proceedings-national wilderness research conference: issues, state-of-knowledge, future directions; 1985 July 23-26; Fort Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-220. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 135-177.
• Cole, David; Landres, Peter; Watson, Alan. 1993. A strategy for improving wilderness monitoring. Unpublished paper on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT. 14 p.
• Glenn, Susan M.; Nudds, Tom D. 1989. Insular biogeography of mammals in Canadian parks. Journal of Biogeography. 16: 261-268.
• Grigal, D. F. 1988. Long-range impacts of air pollution on terrestrial resources. In: Agee, James K.; Johnson, Darryll R., eds. Ecosystem management for parks and wilderness. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press: 118-134.
• Hammitt, William E.; Cole, David N. 1987. Wildland recreation: ecology and management. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 341 p.
• Harris, Larry D. 1984. The fragmented forest: island biogeographic theory and the preservation of biotic diversity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 211 p.
• Hoff, Ray; Hagle, Susan. 1990. Diseases of whitebark pine with special emphasis on white pine blister rust. In: Schmidt, Wyman C.; McDonald, Kathy J., comps. Proceedings-symposium on whitebark pine ecosystems: ecology and management of a high-mountain resource; 1989 March 29-31; Bozeman, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-270. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 179-190.
• Kilgore, Bruce M.; Heinselman, Miron L. 1990. Fire in wilderness ecosystems. In: Hendee, John C.; Stankey, George H.; Lucas, Robert C. Wilderness management. 2d ed. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing: 297-335.
• Kuss, Fred R.; Graefe, Alan R.; Vaske, Jerry J. 1990. Visitor impact management: a review of research. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.
• Luecke, Chris. 1990. Changes in abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates after introduction of cutthroat trout into a previously fishless lake. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 119: 1010-1021.
• Machlis, G. E.; Tichnell, D. L. 1985. The state of the world's parks. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 131 p.
• Manning, Robert E. 1985. Studies in outdoor recreation: search and research for satisfaction. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. 166 p.
• Nehlsen, W.; Williams, J. E.; Lichatowich, J. A. 1991. Pacific salmon at the crossroads: stocks at risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Fisheries. 16(2): 4-21.
• Platts, William S. 1981. Effects of sheep grazing on a riparian-stream environment. Res. Note INT-307. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 5 p.
• Schonewald-Cox, Christine; Buechner, Marybeth. 1992. Park protection and public roads. In: Fiedler, Peggy L.; Jain, Subodh K., eds. Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management. New York: Chapman and Hall: 373-396.
• Schreiber, R. Kent; Newman, James R. 1987. Air quality and wilderness: a state-of-knowledge review. In: Lucas, Robert C., comp. Proceedings-national wilderness research conference: issues, state-of-knowledge, future directions; 1985 July 23-26; Fort Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-220. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 104-134.
• Stankey, George H.; Cole, David N.; Lucas, Robert C.; Petersen, Margaret E.; Frissell, Sidney S. 1985. The limits of acceptable change (LAC) system for wilderness planning. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-176. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 37 p.
• Tyser, Robin W.; Worley, Christopher A. 1992. Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park, Montana (U.S.A.). Conservation Biology. 6: 253-262.
• Vallentine, John F. 1990. Grazing management. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 533 p.
• Ward, J. V.; Sanford, J. A. 1987. The ecology of regulated streams: past accomplishments and directions for future research. In: Craig, J. F.; Kemper, J. B., eds. Regulated streams. New York: Plenum: 391-409.
• Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. Fire ecology: United States and southern Canada. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 501 p.

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Title: References: INT-RP-475 - The Wilderness Threats Matrix: A Framework for Assessing Impacts
Electronic Publish Date: October 31, 1996
Expires: Indefinite
Last Update: January 15, 2002

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