| SPECIES | Bromus carinatus |
| Common name and alpha code | mountain brome; California brome 216 BRCA5 (also called B. marginatus in some refs., e.g. #134, 155, and B. polyanthus, according to Karl Urban; see #157, pp.187 - 189) |
| General Information | Short-lived perennial 134,
160 ; Annual or mostly biennial 97; cool-season native bunchgrass ;
short-lived species with good seedling vigor. Bromus genus rated easy in ease of use and
cost of propagation for restoration 27 Occurs on warm, dry forested communities at low to mid elevations in the mountains, and with subalpine big sagebrush at mid to high elevations. 160 |
| TABLE: | SEED |
| Seeds/Lb.
|
Avg. 81,500 (range 78,000 to
82,000) 138; 35,000 to 85,000 54 90,000 34, 155; 71,000 124; 1.7 seed/sq. ft/Lb. 134 In ref. #33: 70,000/lb (Vallentine, 1971); 60,475/lb (Plummer et al., 1968); 70,000/lb (Wheeler & Hill, 1957); 71,000/lb (Stefferud, 1948) |
| Germ % | Variable: 31% to 63% 138 In ref. #33: 85% (Stefferud, 1948); 90% (Hull & Pearse, 1943a) |
| Germ Test Amt | |
| Germ Test Cost | |
| Purity % | |
| Purity Test Amt | |
| Purity Test Cost | |
| Germination Pretreatment
Requirement
|
None 97, 120, 183 In ref. #33: LABORATORY GERMINATION: TEMPERATURE: Fluctuating; 20-30°C at 16-8 hours (AOSA, 1978; USDA, 1952) LIGHT: Light required (AOSA, 1978; USDA, 1952) |
| Seed Processing Needed e.g. awns | |
| Storage Requirements | Cool, dry 138 |
| Storage Length (Years) | In ref. #33: 3 years (Hafenrichter et al.; 1968) 4 years (Hull & Pearse, 1943a); >58 months (McAlister, 1943) |
| Maturity Date | In ref. #33: June to early July
at low elev., July to August higher. 97 Aug 1-Sep 15 (Plummer et al. 1968); Mid summer (Hoover et al., 1948) |
| Pollinators Seed Dispersal Mechanism | |
| Breeding: self; Cross; Asexual Reproduction | |
| Disease Problems | Smut: select clean seed in field 138
Use fungicidal seed treatment 209 In ref. #33: Field: Treat seed with fungicide before planting because of susceptibility to head smut (Hafenrichter et al., 1968) |
| Insect Predation | |
| Hand Collection Methods, Problems, and Cost/Lb. | Can be hand stripped. 97 Contract 1997: $42/lb 128 |
| TABLE: | SEED INCREASE INFO |
| Sow Rate for Seed Increase
Plantation, for Seed Increase Plantation, Lb./Acre |
10 to 20 124; 12 2 ; 17.0 54 |
| 1st Year Yield, Lb./acre | 20 to 324 54; 800 (seed rough cleaned) 215 |
| 2nd Year Yield, Lb./acre | 1,145 54; 700 (seed rough cleaned) 215 |
| 3rd Year Yield, Lb./acre | 308 to 559 (seed rough cleaned) 96; 400 (seed rough cleaned) 215 |
| 4th Year Yield, Lb./acre | 334 (seed rough cleaned) 96 |
| Field Life Span: Years | Original crop dies after 2 years, but successful volunteer crop can be grown in place, in years 3 and 4. May be more cost-effective to start over after 2 years. 91 |
| Production Cost/Lb. | |
| Field Distance Requirements | |
| Sow Date | |
| Miscellaneous Increase Info. |
|
| TABLE: | HABITAT |
| Plan tAssociation Groups | |
| Drought Tolerance | Moderate 134; Fair 23 |
| Soil: Texture, Chemicals | Loam to loamy gravel 75; silty and clayey 155 Tolerant of some salinity 134 Not for coarse soils; marginal on moderately coarse and fine soils, and on basic soils 34 In ref. #33: Adapted to loamy, clayey (Heady, 1975) Silty-good, clayey-good, sandy-poor (Vallentine, 1971), Grows best in loam soils but will grow in clay and sandy loams (Bridges, 1942; Stewart & Walker, 1939) |
| Soil Depth | Not for shallow soils 155 Moderately deep to deep loam; best on fertile moist sites but often does well on infertile, coarse, dry soils also. 134 Relatively moist sites including thin, infertile sites 34 |
| Ave. Precip. Needs | 16 to 24 in. 75; 18 in. or more 155 |
| Flooding or High Water Tolerance | Intolerant 134, 34 |
| Soil Stabilization
|
Can be used to stabilize road cuts and fills or mined lands where rapidly developing seedlings are needed . 155 Established quickly and easily on disturbed sites 34 Root system is deep, fibrous, and spreading. 23 |
| Palatability and Attractiveness to Animals; Response to Grazing | Decreaser, forage value good to livestock and wildlife 75 when green 134 Palatable throughout its life cycle 159 Indicates overgrazing and soil disturbance by forming large stands. Pocket gophers use it preferentially. 160 |
| Elevation Range | Middle to high elevations 134 |
| Competitiveness | |
| Plasticity | |
| Root System: Rhizomes, Stolons, etc. | Roots fibrous 75 ; well-branched and deeply penetrating 124 |
| Shade tolerance | Good 134, 34; Low 23 |
| TABLE: | CONSERVATION SOWING ON N.F. SITES |
| WCF Cost/Lb. (1997) | $177 73 |
| Sow Rate for. Sowing on National Forest Sites, Lb./Acre | 10 Lb./acre (mechanical drilling) 134 10 Lb./acre 34 |
| Sowing Method and Date | Late spring 34 In ref. #33: Apr & May (Archer & Bunch, 1953); In spring before May 10 (Wheeler, 1950) |
| Miscellaneous
|
Grows principally during the
summer months 164 In ref. #33: Grows best in fairly moist but will grow in moderately dry (Bridges, 1942; Stewart & Walker, 1939) |