Tongass National Forest
Recreation

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Class Definitions

Primitive
Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized
Semi-Primitive Motorized
Roaded Natural
Roaded Modified
Rural
Urban

Primitive ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Retention Visual Quality Objective. An Existing Visual Condition of Preservation is fully compatible and encouraged.
Access Cross-country travel and travel on non-motorized trails and on waterways is typical. Use of airplanes, helicopters, motorboats and snowmachines for traditional activities, subsistence, emergency search and rescue, and other authorized resource management activities may occur but is rare.
Remoteness No or infrequent sights and sounds of human activity are present. Setting is located more than 1.5 hours walking or paddling distance, or 3 miles, from any human developments other than infrequently-traveled marine travelways. Areas are generally greater than 5,000 acres, but may be smaller if contiguous with a Semi-primitive class
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are very rare. Signing is limited to directional information and safety. There are no on-site interpretive facilities. There is great opportunity for discovery on the part of the use
On-site Recreation Development Structures do not exceed Development Scale I, except for public recreation cabins, and are maintained for appropriate levels of use.
Social Encounters User meets less than 3 parties per day during trip. No other parties are within sight or sound of dispersed campsites or cabins. Maximum party size is generally 12 people.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts to resources are slight and usually not noticeable the following year. Site hardening is limited to boardwalk trails and necessary boat moorings or bearproof food caches and rustic public recreation cabins.

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Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Retention Visual Quality Objective. An Existing Visual Condition of Preservation is fully compatible and encouraged.
Access Cross-country travel and travel on non-motorized trails is typical. Use of airplanes, helicopters, motorboats and snowmachines for traditional activities, subsistence, emergency search and rescue, and other authorized resource management activities may occur unless specifically restricted for safety and/or resource protection purposes.
Remoteness Nearby sights or sounds of human activity are rare, but distant sights or sounds may occur. Setting is located more than ½ hour walk or paddle, or approximately ½ mile (greater or less depending on terrain and vegetation, but no less than ¼ mile) from: 1) infrequently traveled waterways; 2) roads and trails open to motorized recreation use, and 3) clearcut harvest areas. Aircraft access is only occasional. Areas are generally greater than 2,500 acres but may be smaller if contiguous with Primitive or Semi-primitive motorized classes.
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are rare. Visitor information facilities may be used to interpret cultural and natural resource features, but are not elaborate and harmonize with the setting.
On-site Recreation Development Facilities and structures generally do not exceed Development Scale II and are maintained to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site. Forest Service recreation cabins are fully compatible.
Social Encounters User meets less than 10 parties per day (6 parties per day in wilderness) on trails and waterways during 80% of the primary use season. No other parties are within sight or sound of dispersed campsites during 80% of the primary use season. Maximum party size is generally 12-20 people. Outside of wilderness, larger party sizes may occur during less than 15% of the primary use season in limited locations.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts to resources are rare and usually not long-lasting. Site hardening is limited to boardwalk trails, boat tramways, moorings and docks, bear proof food cache facilities and rustic public recreation cabins.

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Semi-Primitive Motorized ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Partial retention Visual Quality Objective. Existing Visual Conditions ranging from Preservation through Retention are fully compatible and encouraged.
Access Travel on motorized and non-motorized trails and Traffic Service Level D roads, although some Traffic Service Level C roads provide access to and through the area. Use by high clearance vehicles and motorized water travel is common. Road density is less than one mile per square mile. Off-road snowmachine travel on snow may occur.
Remoteness Nearby sights or sounds of human activity are rare, but distant sights or sounds may occur. Setting is located within ½ hour walk or paddle or within ½ mile (greater or less depending on terrain and vegetation but no less than ¼ mile) of infrequently traveled waterways or small aircraft access points and/or roads which are open and maintained for passage by high clearance and four-wheel drive vehicles (Maintenance Level 2) and provide access to recreation opportunities and facilities. Areas are generally greater than 2,500 acres but may be smaller if contiguous with Primitive or Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized classes.
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are few. Control facilities consist primarily of informational signs and site-specific road closures. Visitor information facilities may be used to interpret cultural and natural resource features, but are not elaborate and harmonize with the setting.
On-site Recreation Development Facilities and structures generally do not exceed Development Scale II and are maintained to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site and area. Forest Service recreation cabins are fully compatible.
Social Encounters User meets less than 10 parties per day (6 parties per day in wilderness) on trails, roads, and shorelines during 80% of the primary use season. During 80% of the primary use season no other parties are visible from campsites. Maximum party size is generally 12-20 people. Outside of wilderness, larger party sizes may occur during less than 15% of the primary use season in limited locations.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts may be noticeable, but not degrading to basic resource elements. Site hardening is very infrequent, but, when it occurs, is in harmony with, and appropriate for, the natural-appearing backcountry setting.

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Roaded Natural ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Modification Visual Quality Objective and typically is Partial retention. Existing Visual Conditions ranging from Preservation through Retention are fully compatible and encouraged.
Access All forms of access and travel modes may occur. Access to and through the area is typically by passenger vehicle, although motorized use may be restricted to provide for resource protection, user safety, or to provide a diversity of recreation opportunity.
Remoteness Remoteness is of little importance, but low to moderate concentrations of human sights and sounds are preferred. Setting is located within ½ mile (greater or less depending on terrain and vegetation but no less than ¼ mile) of moderate to heavily-traveled waterways and/or roads which are maintained to Levels 3, 4, and 5 and open for use by the public or those areas that receive heavy small aircraft travel.
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are obvious. Control facilities such as parking areas, barriers and signs harmonize with the natural environment. Visitor information facilities are not elaborate or complex.
On-site Recreation Development Facilities and structures generally do not exceed Development Scale III and are maintained to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site and area. Typical facilities include outdoor interpretive displays and rustic campgrounds and picnic areas.
Social Encounters User meets less than 20 other parties per day on trails and in dispersed areas, during at least 80% of the primary use season. User may meet numerous other parties on roads and developed recreation sites. Developed sites often are at full capacity but do not exceed 80% of the design capacity over the season of operation.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts are noticeable, but not degrading to basic resource elements nor do they exceed established Visual Quality Objectives. Site hardening may be dominant, but is in harmony with natural-appearing landscape and appropriate for the site and setting.

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Roaded Modified ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Maximum Modification Visual Quality Objective. Apply visual management techniques to soften effects of maximum modification conditions in the foreground of sensitive travel routes and recreation sites.
Access All forms of access and travel modes may occur, although roads are generally not well suited to highway-type vehicles. OHV use on designated routes or areas is encouraged. Use by high clearance vehicles is common.
Remoteness Remoteness from urban conditions and high concentrations of other people is important. Low concentrations of human sights and sounds in a backcountry roaded setting are preferred. These areas are accessed by Forest roads which are maintained to Levels 2, 3, and 4 and are available for public use. They generally involve areas with timber management activities.
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are few. Control facilities are appropriate for the predominating backcountry roaded setting. Visitor information facilities may be used to interpret management activities, but are not elaborate and are appropriate for the setting.
On-site Recreation Development Facilities and structures generally do not exceed Development Scale II and are maintained to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site and area.
Social Encounters User meets less than 20 other parties per day on trails and in dispersed areas during at least 80% of the primary use season. Numerous other parties may be encountered on roads. Few parties are visible at dispersed campsites.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts are noticeable, but not degrading to basic resource elements. Site hardening may dominate at campsites and parking areas, but is in harmony with, and appropriate for, backcountry roaded setting.

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Rural ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed Modification in the Foreground and Maximum Modification in middleground.
Access All forms of access and travel modes may occur, although access to and through the area is primarily by passenger vehicle. Road and trail surfaces are often hardened.
Remoteness Remoteness is of little importance and moderate to high concentrations of people and sights and sounds of human activity are acceptable when not continuous. Setting is located within 1/2 mile of heavily traveled roads and state highways or areas that receive heavy aircraft travel.
Visitor Management On-site regimentation and controls are obvious. Control facilities such as parking areas, medians and barriers harmonize with natural/exotic landscaping. Information and interpretive facilities may be complex and dominant on developed sites.
On-site Recreation Development All Development Scales (I-V) are appropriate and maintained at intended standards necessary to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site and area. Facilities typically include visitor centers, major campgrounds and other facilities for concentrated use.
Social Encounters User may meet many (more than 20) other parties per day on trails, in dispersed areas, on roads, and in developed facilities. Developed sites often are at full capacity, but do not exceed 80% of the design capacity over the operating season
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts are noticeable, but not degrading to basic resource elements nor do they exceed established Visual Quality Objectives. Site hardening may be dominant, but is in harmony with natural/exotic landscape.

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Urban ROS Class

Setting Indicators Standards and Guidelines
Visual Quality Not to exceed the Modification Visual Quality Objective in the foreground and Maximum Modification in middle ground.
Access Access and travel facilities are highly intense, motorized and often with mass transit supplements.
Remoteness Remoteness is not important. High concentrations of people, and sights and sounds of human activity are acceptable.
Visitor Management Intensive on-site controls are numerous and obvious. Information and interpretive facilities may be complex and dominant.
On-site Recreation Development All Development Scales (I-V) are appropriate and maintained at intended standards necessary to accommodate the types and levels of use anticipated for the site and area. Synthetic materials are commonly used. Facility design may be highly complex and refined, but in harmony or complimentary to the site. Facilities typically include visitor centers, major campgrounds and other facilities for concentrated use.
Social Encounters Interaction between large numbers of users is high. Sites often are at full capacity, but do not exceed 80% of the design capacity over the operating season.
Visitor impacts Visitor-caused impacts are noticeable, but not degrading to basic resource elements or exceed established Visual Quality Objectives. Site hardening may be dominant, but is in harmony with natural/exotic landscape and appropriate for the site and setting.

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