Western Larch (larix occidentalis)
Western larch is an uncommon tree on the Helena
National Forest. In fact, it is found only on the Lincoln
Ranger District. There, it is most common at the northwestern
edge of the District. Evidently, most of the Helena National
Forest is just too cold for larch. It prefers a cool and moist
climate and its range is limited by low temperatures.
Western larch is a seral species and is very
intolerant. Like ponderosa pine it is adapted to survive low
intensity wildfires with its thick bark, high crown and low
flammability needles.
Western larch is in decline due to fire suppression.
It is unable to regenerate in shade. Oftentimes a stand of
mature larch will be observed with a more shade tolerant understory
species, such as Douglas fir, growing underneath it. Larch
is also dependent on the changes that fire induces in forest
soils to regenerate.
The bark of the western larch is reddish brown
and deeply furrowed. The needles are a vibrant green, very
soft, and are about 1 1/2 inches long. The cones of the western
larch are small, slightly larger than a marble. The needles
do not grow on the main stem, they are found on small spur
shoots.
Because of its high strength and good quality,
western larch is highly valued for lumber products. It also
contains a water-soluble gum that is used in food, drugs,
paint and ink. |
