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General Technical Report

Title: Proceedings of a symposium on oak woodlands: ecology, management, and urban interface issues; 19-22 March 1996; San Luis Obispo, CA

Author: Pillsbury, Norman H.; Verner, Jared; Tietje, William D., technical coordinators

Date: 1997

Source: Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; 738 p.

Station ID: GTR-PSW-160

Description: Oak woodlands, the predominant vegetation type in the most inhabitable areas of California, comprise 10 million acres in the State and have been used primarily for livestock production. Today, residential intrusion into oak woodlands results in habitat fragmentation and degradation of economic, esthetic, and ecological values. Decision makers must face up to the population pressures caused by the increasing human population in California and its shift from coastal metropolitan areas into formerly rural areas—especially oak woodlands. Newcomers want roads, schools, housing, shopping centers, and water. How can oak trees compete with these needs and demands?

Key Words: oaks, oak management, range management, regeneration, wildlife, urban interface, restoration, economics, policy

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Front Matter

Front Matter and Table of Contents 1.8 MB

Plenary Addresses

California's Oak Woodlands: Where We Have Been, Where We Are, Where We Need to Go 203 KB
Thomas, Jack Ward

A California Cattleman's Perspective on the Oak Hardwood Issue 62 KB
O'Sullivan, Richard

Resolving Oak Woodland Issues in California 55 KB
Gorton, Terry Barlin

The Network Solution 76 KB
O'Dell, Tharon

Wake Up, California! 68 KB
Cobb, Janet S.

Why the System Does Not Work, and How to Fix It 54 KB
Wilson, Richard A.

Plenary Presentations

Oak Woodland Management in the Bureau of Land Management 166 KB
Hastey, Ed

The Role of the California Department of Fish and Game in the Conservation of California's Oak Woodlands 70 KB
Mansfield, Terry M.

Management of Oaks Within the Pacific Southwest Region 53 KB
Sprague, G. Lynn

Ecosystem-Based Planning on a Watershed Approach 50 KB
Bell, Charles W.

CCA History and Policy for Hardwood Range Management 50 KB
Zimmerman, Kenneth J.

Hardwood Protection Needs to Come from Leadership, Not Regulation 48 KB
Wilson, Richard A.

Oak Research Needs 50 KB
Bell, Enoch F.

Technical Papers

Section Overview–Progress on the Ecology and Silviculture of California Oaks During the Past 17 Years 856 KB
Plumb, Timothy R.

Section Overview–Challenges of Inventorying and Monitoring Oak Woodlands 90 KB
Bolsinger, Charles L.

Soil Characteristics of Blue Oak and Coast Live Oak Ecosystems 126 KB
Downie, Denise E.; Taskey, Ronald D.

The Influence of Epiphytic Lichens on the Nutrient Cycling of a Blue Oak Woodland 127 KB
Knops, Johannes M.; H. Nash III, Thomas H.; Schlesinger, William H.

Woody Root Biomass of 40- to 90-Year-Old Blue Oaks (Quercus douglasii) in Western Sierra Nevada Foothills 130 KB
Millikin, Catherine S.; Bledsoe, Caroline S.; Tecklin, Jerry

Rooting Responses of Three Oak Species to Low Oxygen Stress 333 KB
Jacobs, Karel A.; MacDonald, James D.; Berry, Alison M.; Costello, Laurence R.

Patterns of Geographic Synchrony in Growth and Reproduction of Oaks Within California and Beyond 165 KB
Koenig, Walter D.; Knops, Johannes M.H.

Patterns and Processes of Adaptation in Blue Oak Seedlings 132 KB
Rice, Kevin J.; Richards, James H.; Matzner, Steven L.

Genetic Variation in Shoot Growth, Phenology, and Mineral Accumulation of Northern and Central Sierra Nevada Foothill Populations of Blue Oak 129 KB
McBride, Joe R.; Norberg, Edward A.; Bertenshaw, James L.; Kloss, Susan; Mossadegh, Ahmad

Gene Flow Among Populations of Three California Evergreen Oaks 282 KB
Dodd, Richard S.; Rafii, Zara A.; Kashani, Nasser

Effects of Shade and Clipping on Coast Live and Blue Oak Seedling Mortality and Growth in California Annual Grasslands 282 KB
Muick, Pamela C.

Stand-Level Status of Blue Oak Sapling Recruitment and Regeneration 132 KB
Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Bernhardt, Elizabeth A.; Drake, Christiana

Factors Affecting Blue Oak Sapling Recruitment 137 KB
Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Bernhardt, Elizabeth A.; Drake, Christiana

Growth of Blue Oak on California's Hardwood Rangelands 137 KB
Standiford, Richard B.

Blue Oak Regeneration in Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills 185 KB
Phillips, Ralph L.; McDougald, Neil K.; Standiford, Richard B.; McCreary, Douglas D.; Frost, William E.

Understory-Canopy Relationships in Oak Woodlands and Savannas 157 KB
Frost, William E.; Bartolome, James W.; Connor, J. Michael

Fire History of a Mixed Oak-Pine Forest in the Foothills of the Sierra Nevada, El Dorado County, California 197 KB
Stephens, Scott L.

Efficacy of Herbicide Application Methods Used to Control Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) in an Uneven-Aged Coast Redwood Management Context 703 KB
Piirto, Douglas D.; Smith, Brenda; Huff, Eric K.; Robinson, Scott T.

Section Overview–Restoration of Oak Woodlands 753 KB
McCreary, Douglas D.

Oak Seedling Establishment by Artificial Regeneration on California Rangelands 293 KB
Adams Jr., Theodore E.; Sands, Peter B.; Weitkamp, William H.; Stanley, Marion E.

Constraints on Germination and Emergence of Emory Oak 122 KB
Germaine, Heather L.; McPherson, Guy R.; Rojahn, Karin J.; Nicholas, Alicia M.; Weltzin, Jake F.

An Evaluation of Coast Live Oak Regeneration Techniques 372 KB
Plumb, Timothy R.; De Lasaux, Michael D.

Effects of Seedling Protectors and Weed Control on Blue Oak Growth and Survival 127 KB
McCreary, Douglas D.; Tecklin, Jerry

Sunshine Canyon Mitigation Oaks–A Success Story 121 KB
Osterling, Ralph S.

Status of Transplanted Coast Live Oaks (Quercus agrifolia) in Southern California 519 KB
Dagit, Rosi; Downer, A. James

Rehabilitation of a Blue Oak Restoration Project 119 KB
Tecklin, Jerry; Connor, J. Michael; McCreary, Douglas D.

Restoration Management of Northern Oak Woodlands 119 KB
Hastings, Marla S.; Barnhart, Steve; McBride, Joe R.

A California Black Oak Restoration Project in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California 194 KB
Fritzke, Susan L.

Evaluation of Techniques and Costs for Valley Oak Riparian Forest Restoration on the Sacramento River 203 KB
Griggs, F. Thomas; Peterson, Daryl R.

Section Overview–Range and Livestock Relations 663 KB
Frost, William E.

Effects of Cultural Inputs on Survival and Growth of Direct Seeded and Naturally Occurring Valley Oak Seedlings on Hardwood Rangeland 139 KB
Bernhardt, Elizabeth A.; Swiecki, Tedmund J.

Effects of Livestock Grazing on Blue Oak Saplings 126 KB
Jansen, Henricus C.; Snow, Richard R.; Treber, Gregory A.; Bell, Fremont L..

Effects of Blue Oak Canopy on Annual Forage Production 122 KB
Connor, J. Michael ; Willoughby, Bob L.

The Influence of Cattle Grazing on California Ground Squirrels in a Blue Oak Savanna 113 KB
Bartolome, James W.

Preliminary Results from the Evaluation of Different Seasons and Intensities of Grazing on the Erosion of Intermittent Streams at the San Joaquin Experimental Range 180 KB
Larsen, Royce E.; George, Melvin R.; McDougald, Neil K.; Tate, Kenneth W.; Fulgham, Kenneth O.

Livestock Grazing and Riparian Habitat Water Quality: An Examination of Oak Woodland Springs in the Sierra Foothills of California 131 KB
Campbell, Chris G.; Allen-Diaz, Barbara

Influence of Supplemental Feeding Sites on Use of Hardwood Rangeland Riparian Areas by Cattle 109 KB
Frost, William E. ; McDougald, Neil K.

Section Overview–Wildlife Habitat Relations and Habitat Fragmentation in California's Hardwood Rangelands 738 KB
Garrison, Barrett A.; Davis, Frank W.

Characteristics of California Spotted Owl Nest Sites in Foothill Riparian and Oak Woodlands of the Southern Sierra Nevada, California 133 KB
Steger, George N.; Eberlein, Gary E.; Munton, Thomas E.; Johnson, Kenneth D.

Characteristics of Red-tailed Hawk Nest Sites in Oak Woodlands of Central California 133 KB
Tietje, William D.; Bloom, Peter H.; Vreeland, Justin K.

Small Nocturnal Mammals in Oak Woodlands: Some Considerations for Assessing Presence and Abundance 195 KB
Laudenslayer Jr., William F.; Fargo, Roberta J.

Bird Communities in Grazed and Ungrazed Oak-Pine Woodlands at the San Joaquin Experimental Range 133 KB
Verner, Jared; Purcell, Kathryn L.; Turner, Jennifer G.

Relative Abundance and Habitat Associations of Vertebrates in Oak Woodlands in Coastal-Central California 135 KB
Tietje, William D.; Vreeland, Justin K.; Siepel, Nancy R.; Dockter, JoAnn L.

Developing a Conservation Strategy for Southern California Forests and Woodlands 314 KB
Stephenson, John R.; Volgarino, Deveree A.; Nichols, Greg A.; White, Thomas C.

A Post-Hoc Assessment of the Impacts to Wildlife Habitat from Wood Cutting in Blue Oak Woodlands in the Northern Sacramento Valley 137 KB
Garrison, Barrett A.; Standiford, Richard B.

Contribution of Downed Woody Material by Blue, Valley, and Coast Live Oaks in Central California 238 KB
Tietje, William D.; Berlund, Tristan C.; Garcia, Sergio L.; Halpin, Christopher G.; Jensen, Wayne A..

Design Recommendations for Point Counts of Birds in California Oak-Pine Woodlands: Power, Sample Size, and Count Stations Versus Visits 138 KB
Aigner, Paul A.; Block, William M.; Morrison, Michael L.

Section Overview–Wood Utilization 738 KB
Shelly, John R.

An Examination of the Oak Woodland as a Potential Resource for Higher-Value Wood Products 134 KB
Shelly, John R.

California Black Oak–From Firewood to Lumber, the Lumber Recovery Story 159 KB
Lowell, Eini C.; Plank, Marlin E.

Tree Volume Equations for 10 Urban Species in California 519 KB
Pillsbury, Norman H.; Reimer, Jeffrey L.

A Literature Review of California Domestic Cork Production 114 KB
Brooks, William H.

Section Overview–California Oaks in the Urbanizing Forest Ecosystem 810 KB
Rowntree, Rowan A.

Using Population Distribution Forecasts and GIS Technology to Assess Potential Hardwood Loss in the Northern Sacramento Valley 433 KB
Nelson, Charles W.; Radabaugh, Mark

A Development in Harmony with Nature? 236 KB
Vilkitis, James R.

Monitoring Survival and Vigor of Specimen Valley Oaks Influenced by Urban Development Sites 117 KB
Nickles, Douglas V.

Managing Development in California's Oak Woodlands 116 KB
Hagen, Bruce W.

Improved Methods to Evaluate the Impact of Subdivisions on Wildlife in Oak-Dominated Woodlands in California 137 KB
Sanders, Dale; Baefsky, Michael

Section Overview–Damaging Agents and Oak Ecology: Management Implications 697 KB
Swiecki, Tedmund J.

The California Oak Disease and Arthropod (CODA) Database 134 KB
Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Bernhardt, Elizabeth A.; Arnold, Richard A.

The Effect of Low Oxygen Stress on Phytophthora cinnamomi Infection and Disease of Cork Oak Roots 1.4 MB
Jacobs, Karel A.; MacDonald, James D.; Berry, Alison M.; Costello, Laurence R.

Wildfire and Oak Regeneration at the Urban Fringe 123 KB
Schwan, Joan L.; Fong, Herb; Hug, Hilary K.

Section Overview–Economics, Policy, and Planning 740 KB
Thompson, Richard P.

The Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program: Education and Research as a Conservation Strategy 142 KB
Standiford, Richard B.; Bartolome, James W.

An Ecosystem-Based Approach to Valley Oak Mitigation 127 KB
Rawlings, Marcus S.; Airola, Daniel A.

Factors Contributing to Land-Use Change in the Hardwood Rangelands of Two Central Sierra Nevadan Counties 129 KB
Johnson, Sharon G.

Management of California Oak Woodlands: Uncertainties and Modeling 164 KB
Noel, Jay E..; Thompson, Richard P.

Estimating Value Contribution of Tree and Stand Condition 131 KB
Hanna, R. Joss; Thompson, Richard P.; Piirto, Douglas D.; Noel, Jay E.

Poster Papers and Poster Abstracts

Poster Papers 916 KB

Poster Abstracts 192 KB

Symposium Wrap-Up

The New California 182 KB
Walters, Daniel R.

Author Index and Index 314 KB

Citation

Pillsbury, Norman H.; Verner, Jared; Tietje, William D., technical coordinators 1997. Proceedings of a symposium on oak woodlands: ecology, management, and urban interface issues; 19-22 March 1996; San Luis Obispo, CA Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; 738 p.