Pacific Northwest Research Station

General Technical Reports

General Technical Reports (GTRs) provide information of a technical nature, but not an original report: proceedings, computer programs, bibliographies.

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Alexander, Susan J.; Oswalt, Sonja N.; Emery, Marla R. 2011. Nontimber forest products in the United States: Montreal Process indicators as measures of current conditions and sustainability. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-851. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 36 p.

Alig, Ralph J. 2011. Effects of climate change on natural resources and communities: a compendium of briefing papers. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-837. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 169 p.

Barrett, Tara M.; Christensen, Glenn A. 2011. Forests of southeast and south-central Alaska, 2004–2008: five-year forest inventory and analysis report. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-835. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 156 p.

Bennett, Victoria J.; Smith, Winston P.; Betts, Matthew G. 2011. Toward understanding the ecological impact of transportation corridors. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-846. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 40 p.

Brackley, Allen M.; Parrent, Daniel J. 2011. Production of wood pellets from Alaska-grown white spruce and hemlock. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-845. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 28 p.

Charnley, Susan; Jakes, Pamela J.; Schelhas, John 2011. A socioeconomic assessment of Forest Service American Recovery and Reinvestment Act projects: eight case studies. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-831. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 168 p.

Davis, Raymond J.; Dugger, Katie M.; Mohoric, Shawne; Evers, Louisa; Aney, William C. 2011. Northwest Forest Plan—the first 15 years (1994–2008): status and trends of northern spotted owl populations and habitats.

Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; O'Halloran, Kathy A.; Hawkins Hoffman, Catherine 2011. Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-844. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 130 p.

Henderson, Jan A.; Lesher, Robin D.; Peter, David H.; Ringo, Chris D. 2011. A landscape model for predicting potential natural vegetation of the Olympic Peninsula USA using boundary equations and newly developed environmental variables. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-841. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 35 p.

LaRocco, Gina L.; Deal, Robert L. 2011. Giving credit where credit is due: increasing landowner compensation for ecosystem services. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-842. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 32 p.

Lynn, Kathy; MacKendrick, Katharine; Donoghue, Ellen M. 2011. Social vulnerability and climate change: synthesis of literature. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-838. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 70 p.

Moeur, Melinda; Ohmann, Janet L.; Kennedy, Robert E.; Cohen, Warren B.; Gregory, Matthew J.; Yang, Zhiqiang; Roberts, Heather M.; Spies, Thomas A.; Fiorella, Maria 2011. Northwest Forest Plan–the first 15 years (1994–2008): status and trends of late-successional and old-growth forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-853. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 48 p.

Raphael, Martin G.; Falxa, Gary A.; Dugger, Katie M.; Galleher, Beth M.; Lynch, Deanna; Miller, Sherri L.; Nelson, S. Kim; Young, Richard D. 2011. Northwest Forest Plan—the first 15 years (1994–2008): status and trend of nesting habitat for the marbled murrelet. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-848. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 52 p.

Reynolds, Keith M.; Hessburg, Paul F.; Miller, Richard E.; Meurisse, Robert T. 2011. Evaluating soil risks associated with severe wildfire and ground-based logging. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-840. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 27 p.

Roos, Joseph A.; Barber, Valerie; Brackley, Allen M. 2011. Cap and trade: offsets and implications for Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-836. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 27 p.

Roos, Joseph A.; Brackley, Allen M.; Sasatani, Daisuke. 2011. Trends in global shipping and the impact on Alaska's forest products. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-839. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 30 p.

Ryan, Douglas F.; Calhoun, John M. 2010. Riparian adaptive management symposium: a conversation between scientists and management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-830. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 135 p.

Schuller, Reid 2011. Camas Swale Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 42. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-843. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 26 p.

Schuller, Reid; Sperling, Jennie; Rodenkirk, Tim. 2011. Cherry Creek Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 41. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-834. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 24 p.

Smith, Nikola; Deal, Robert; Kline, Jeff; Blahna, Dale; Patterson, Trista; Spies, Thomas A.; Bennett, Karen. 2011. Ecosystem services as a framework for forest stewardship: Deschutes National Forest overview. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-852. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 p.

Warren, Debra D. 2011. Harvest, employment, exports, and prices in Pacific Northwest forests, 1965-2010. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-857. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 17 p.

Werth, Paul A.; Potter, Brian E.; Clements, Craig B.; Finney, Mark A.; Goodrick, Scott L.; Alexander, Martin E.; Cruz, Miguel G.; Forthofer, Jason A.; McAllister, Sara S. 2011. Synthesis of knowledge of extreme fire behavior: volume I for fire managers. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-854. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 144 p.

Zhou, Xiaoping; Hemstrom, Miles A. 2010. Timber volume and aboveground live tree biomass estimations for landscape analyses in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-819. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 31 p.

Journal Articles

Ammarellou, A.; Smith, M.E.; Tajick, M.A.; Trappe, J.M. 2011. The phylogenetic placement of Picoa, with a first report on Picoa lefebvrei (Pat.) Maire (=Phaeangium lefebvrei) from Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research. 5(2): 509-514.

Bajgain, P.; Richardson, B.A.; Price, J.C. [et al.]. 2011. Transcriptome characterization and polymorphism detection between subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). BMC Genomics. 12: 370.

Bancroft, B.A.; Han, B.A.; Searle, CL. [et al.]. 2011. Species-level correlates of susceptibility to the pathogenic amphibian fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the United States. Biodiversity and Conservation. 20: 1911-1920.

Barnard, David M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Lachenbruch, Barbara; McCulloh, Katherine A.; Johnson, Daniel M.; Woodruff, David R. 2011. Climate-related trends in sapwood biophysical properties in two conifers: avoidance of hydraulic dysfunction through coordinated adjustments in xylem efficiency, safety and capacitance. Plant, Cell & Environment. 34: 643-654.

Barrett, T.M.; Gray, A.N. 2011. Potential of a national monitoring program for forests to assess change in high-latitude ecosystems. Biological Conservation. 144: 1285-1294.

Beck, P.S.A.; Juday, G.P.; Alix, C. [et al.]. 2011. Changes in forest productivity across Alaska consistent with biome shift. Ecology Letters. 14: 373-379.

Bennett, V.J.; Smith, W.P.; Betts, M.G. 2011. Evidence for mate guarding behavior in the Taylor's checkerspot butterfly. Journal of Insect Behavior. 23(3): doi:10.1007/s10905-011-9289-1.

Bisson, P.A. 2011. Clean water and family forest management: some emerging issues. Northwest Woodlands. (Summer): 12-15.

Bonito, Gregory; Trappe, James M.; Donovan, Sylvia; Vilgalys, Rytas. 2011. The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum can form ectomycorrhizas with North American host plants and complete its life cycle in non-native soils. Fungal Ecology. 4: 83-93.
Brinkman, Todd J.; Person, David K.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Smith, Winston; Hundertmark, Kris J. 2011. Estimating abundance of Sitka black-tailed deer using DNA from fecal pellets. Journal of Wildlife Management. 75(1): 232-242.

Castellano, Michael A.; Trappe, James M.; Vernes, Karl. 2011. Australian species of Elaphomyces (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota). Australian Systematic Botany. 24: 32-57.

Cerveny, L.K.; Blahna, D.J.; Stern, M.J. [et al.]. 2011. The use of recreation planning tools in U.S. Forest Service NEPA assessments. Environmental Management. 48: 644-657.

Cerveny, L.K.; Blahna, D.J.; Stern, M.J. [et al.]. 2011. Forest Service interdisciplinary teams: size, composition, and leader characteristics. Journal of Forestry. 109(4): 201-207.

Choi, Sil-Won; Sohngen, Brent; Alig, Ralph. 2011. An assessment of the influence of bioenergy and marketed land amenity values on land uses in the midwestern US. Ecological Economics. 70: 713-720.

Chmura, Daniel J.; Anderson, Paul D.; Howe, Glenn T.; Harrington, Constance A.; Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; Shaw, David C.; St. Clair, J. Bradley. 2011. Forest responses to climate change in the northwestern United States: ecophysiological foundations for adaptive management. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1121-1142.

Coe, Priscilla K.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Wisdom, Michael J.; Cook, John G.; Vavra, Martin; Nielson, Ryan M. 2011. Validation of elk resource selection models with spatially independent data. Journal of Wildlife Management. 75(1): 159-170.

Coleman, Tom W.; Grulke, Nancy E.; Daly, Miles; Godinez, Cesar; Schilling, Susan L.; Riggan, Philip J.; Seybold, Steven J. 2011. Coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, susceptibility and response to goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttantus, injury in southern CA. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1852-1865.

Cushman, S.A; Raphael, M.G.; Ruggiero, L.G.; Shirk, A.S.; Wasserman, T.N.; O'Doherty, E.C. 2011. Limiting factors and landscape connectivity: the American marten in the Rocky Mountains. Landscape Ecology. 26: 1137-1149.

D'Amore, David V.; Bonzey, Nicholas S.; Berkowitz, Jacob; Rüegg, Janine; Bridgham, Scott. 2011. Holocene soil-geomorphic surfaces influence the role of salmon-derived nutrients in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska. Geomorphology. 126: 377-386.

Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Constance A. 2011. Factors affecting diurnal stem contraction in young Douglas-fir. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 151: 414-419.

Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Butry, David T. 2011. The effect of urban trees on the rental price of single-family homes in Portland, Oregon. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 10: 163-168.

Donovan, G.H; Prestemon, J.P; Gebert, K. 2011. The effect of newspaper coverage and political pressure on wildfire suppression costs. Society and Natural Resources. 24(8):785-798.

Farley, Kathleen A.; Tague, Christina; Grant, Gordon E. 2011. Vulnerability of water supply from the Oregon Cascades to changing climate: linking science to users and policy. Global Environmental Change. 21: 110-122.

Firman, J.C.; Steel, E.A.; Jensen, D.W. [et al.]. 2011. Landscape models of adult coho salmon density examined at four spatial extents. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 140: 440-455.

Freeman, James W.; Stern, Marc J.; Mortimer, Michael; Blahna, Dale J.; Cerveny, Lee K. 2011. Interdisciplinary collaboration within project-level NEPA teams in the US Forest Servic. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 54(5): 597-615.

French, Nancy H.F.; de Groot, William J.; Jenkins, Liza K.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Alvarado, Ernesto; Amiro, Brian; De Jong, Bernardus; Goetz, Scott; Hoy, Elizabeth; Hyer, Edward; Keane, Robert; Law, B.E.; McKenzie, Donald; McNulty, Steven G.; Ottmar, Roger; Perez-Salicrup, Diego R.; Randerson, James; Robertson, James; Turetsky, Merritt. 2011. Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire. Journal of Geophysical Research. 116(G00K05): 21.

Gordon, Sean N.; Kirsten, Gallo. 2011. Structuring expert input for a knowledge-based approach to watershed condition assessment for the Northwest Forest Plan, USA. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 172(1-4): 643-661.

Gould, Peter J.; St.Clair, Bradley; Anderson, Paul D. 2011. Performance of full-sib families of Douglas-fir in pure-family and mixed-family deployments. Forest Ecology and Management. 262: 1417-1425.

Gould, Peter J.; Harrington, Constance A.; Devine, Warren D. 2011. Growth of Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana). Northwest Science. 85(2): 159-171.

Gould, Peter J.; Harrington, Constance A.; St. Clair, J. Bradley. 2011. Incorporating genetic variation into a model of budburst phenology of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 139-150.

Griffin, Jacob M.; Turner, Monica G.; Simard, Martin 2011. Nitrogen cycling following mountain pine beetle disturbance in lodgepole pine forests of greater Yellowstone. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1077-1089.

Grosse, Guido; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Jorgenson, Torre; Walter Anthony, Katey; Brown, Jerry; Overduin, Pier Paul; Wegener, Alfred. 2011. Vulnerability and feedbacks of permafrost to climate change. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 92(9): 73-74.

Grulke, N.E. 2011. The nexus of host and pathogen phenology: understanding the disease triangle with climate change. New Phytologist. 189: 8-11.

Haig, Susan M.; Bronaugh, Whitcomb M.; Crowhurst, Rachel S.; D'Elia, Jesse; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Epps, Clinton W.; Knaus, Brian; Miller, Mark P.; Moses, Michael L.; Oyler-McCance, Sara; Robinson, W. Douglas; Sidlauskas, Brian. 2011. Genetic applications in avian conservation. The Auk. 128(2): 205-229.

Halofsky, J.E.; Donato, D.C.; Hibbs, D.E.; Campbell, J.L.; Donaghy Cannon, M.; Fontaine, J.B.; Thompson, J.R.; Anthony, R.G.; Bormann, B.T.; Kayes, L.J.; Law, B.E.; Peterson, D.L.; Spies, T.A. 2011. Mixed-severity fire regimes: lessons and hypotheses from the Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion. Ecosphere. 2(4): r40.

Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L; Furniss, Michael J.; Joyce, Linda A.; Millar, Constance I.; Neilson, Ronald P. 2011. A workshop approach to the development of climate change adaptation strategies and actions for natural resource management agencies in the U.S. Journal of Forestry. 109(4): 219-225.

Harrington, Constance A.; Devine, Warren D. 2011. Stand development following precommercial thinning and fertilization treatments in a western redcedar-dominated forest. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 41: 151-164.

Haugo, R.E.; Halpern, C.B.; Bakker, J.D. 2011. Landscape context and long-term tree influences shape the dynamics of forest-meadow ecotones in mountain ecosystems.  Ecosphere. 2(8) Article 91. 24 p.

Heath, Linda S.; Smith, James E.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Azuma, David L.; Waddell, Karen L. 2011. Carbon stocks on forestland of the United States, with emphaisis on USDA Forest Service ownership. Ecosphere. 2(1): 1-21.

Helton, Ashley M.; Poole, Geoffrey C.; Meyer, Judy L.; Wollheim, Wilfred M.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Mulholland, Patrick J.; Bernhardt, Emily S.; Stanford, Jack A.; Arango, Clay; Ashkenas, Linda R.; Cooper, Lee W.; Dodds, Walter K.; Gregory, Stanley V.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Johnson, Sherri L.; McDowell, William H.; Potter, Jody D.; Tank, Jennifer L.; Thomas, Suzanne M.; Valett, H. Maurice; Webster, Jackson R.; Zeglin, Lydia. 2011. Thinking outside the channel: modeling nitrogen cycling in networked river ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9(4): 229-238.

Holloway, Gillian L.; Smith, Winston P. 2011. A meta-analysis of forest age and structure effects on northern flying squirrel densities. Journal of Wildlife Management. 75(3): 668-674.

Janisch, Jack E.; Foster, Alex D.; Ehinger, William J. 2011. Forested headwater wetlands: analysis of thirty small catchments on timber-production lands, Washington, U.S.A. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1265-1275.

Jay, Chadwick V.; Marcot, Bruce G.; Douglas, David C. 2011. Projected status of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the 21st century. Polar Biology. 34: 1065-1084.

Jennings, Tara N.; Knaus, Brian J.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.; Cronn, Richard. 2011. Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing. Molecular Ecology Resources. doi:10-1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03033.x.

Johnson, D.M.; McCulloh, K.A.; Meinzer, F.C. [et al.]. 2011. Hydraulic patterns and safety margins, from stem to stomata, in three eastern US tree species. Tree Physiology. 31: 659-668.

Johnson, Morris C.; Kennedy, Maureen C.; Peterson, David L. 2011. Simulating fuel treatment effects in dry forests of the western United States: testing the principles of a fire-safe forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 1018-1030.

Kasischke, Eric S.; Tanase, Mihai A.; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Borr, Matthew. 2011. Soil moisture limitations on monitoring boreal forest regrowth using spaceborne L-band SAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 115: 227-232.

Kayes, Lori J.; Puettmann, Klaus J.; Anderson, Paul D. 2011. Short-term bryoid and vascular vegetation response to reforestation alternatives following wildfire in conifer plantations. Applied Vegetation Science. 14: 326-339.

Kennedy, Aaron H.; Taylor, D. Lee; Watson, Linda E. 2011. Mycorrhizal specificity in the fully mycoheterotrophic Hexalectris Raf. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae). Molecular Ecology. 20: 1303-1316.

Kiester, A. Ross; Olson, Deanna H. 2011. Prime time for turtle conservation. Herpetological Review. 42(2): 198-204.

Kluber, Laurel A.; Smith, Jane E.; Myrold, David D. 2011. Distinctive fungal and bacterial communities are associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 42: 1042-1050.

Knaus, Brian J.; Cronn, Richard; Liston, Aaron; Pilgrim, Kristine; Schwartz, Michael K. 2011. Mitochondrial genome sequences illuminate maternal lineages of conservation concern in a rare carnivore. BMC Biology. 11 (doi:10.1186/1472-6785-11-10): 7.

Kovács, G.M. [et al]. 2011. Terfezia disappears from the American truffle mycota as two new genera and Mattirolomyces species emerge. Mycologia. 103(4): 831-840.

Lewis, Sarah A.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Ottmar, Roger D.; Robichaud, Peter R.; Lentile, Leigh B.; Hood, Sharon M.; Cronan, James B.; Morgan, Penny; 2011. Using hyperspectral imagery to estimate forest floor consumption from wildfire in boreal forest of Alaska, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 20: 255-271.

Li, Judith L.; Johnson, Sherri L.; Sobota, Janel Banks. 2011. Three responses to small changes in stream temperature by autumn-emerging aquatic insects. North American Benthological Society. 30(2): 474-484.

Lintz, Heather E.; McCune, Bruce; Gray, Andrew N.; McCulloh, Katherine A. 2011. Threshold strength and diagonality: indices of shape for ecological response patterns. Ecological Modeling. 222: 427-436.

Littell, Jeremy S.; Peterson, David L.; Millar, Constance I.; O'Halloran, Kathy A. 2011. National forests adapt to climate change through science-management partnerships. Climatic Change. 10.1007/s10584-011-0066-0: 27.

Lorenz, Teresa J.; Sullivan, Kimberly A.; Bakian, Amanda V.; Aubry, Carol A. 2011. Cache-site selection in Clark's Nutcracker(Nucifraga Columbians). The Auk. 128(2): 237-247.

Mack, M.C.; Bret-Harte, M.S.; Hollingsworth, T.N. [et al.]. 2011. Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire. Nature. 475: 489-492.

Magbanua, Zenaida V.; Ozkan, Seval; Bartlett, Benjamin D.; Chouvarine, Philippe; Saski, Christopher A.; Liston, Aaron; Cronn, Richard C.; Nelson, C. Dana; Peterson, Daniel G. 2011. Adventures in the enormous: a 1.8 million clone BAC library for the 21.7 Gb genome of loblolly pine. PLoS ONE. 6(1): 1-9.

McCulloh, Katherine A.; Johnson, Daniel M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Lachenbruch, Barbara. 2011. An annual pattern of native embolism in upper branches of four tall conifer species. American Journal of Botany. 98(6): 1007-1015.

Melson, Susanna L.; Harmon, Mark E.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Domingo, James B. 2011. Estimates of live-tree carbon stores in the Pacific Northwest are sensitive to model selection. Carbon Balance and Management. 6(2): 16 p.

Molina, Randy; Horton, Thomas R.; Trappe, James M.; Marcot, Bruce G. 2011. Addressing uncertainty: how to conserve and manage rare or little-known fungi. Fungal Ecology. 4: 134-146.

Mortimer, Michael J.; Stern, Marc J.; Malmsheimer, Robert W.; Blahna, Dale J.; Cerveny, Lee K.; Seesholtz, David N. 2011. Environmental and social risks: defensive National Environmental Policy Act in the US Forest Service. Journal of Forestry. 109(1): 27-33.

Muskett, Reginald R.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E. 2011. Alaskan permafrost groundwater storage changes derived from GRACE and ground measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment. 3(2): 378-397.

Nossov, Dana R.; Hollingsworth, Teresa N.; Ruess, Roger W.; Kielland, Knut. 2011. Development of Alnus tenuifolia stands on an Alaskan floodplain: patterns of recruitment, disease, and succession. Journal of Ecology. 99: 621-633.

O'Donnell, J.A.; Harden, J.W.; McGuire, A.D.; Romanovsky, V.E. 2011. Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem. Biogeosciences. 8: 1367-1382.

O'Donnell, J.A.; Harden, J.W.; McGuire, A.D. [et al.]. 2011. The effect of fire and permafrost interactions on soil carbon accumulation in an upland black spruce ecosystem of interior Alaska: implications for post-thaw carbon loss. Global Change Biology. 17: 1461-1474.

Ohmann, Janet L.; Gregory, Matthew J.; Henderson, Emilie B.; Roberts, Heather M. 2011. Mapping gradients of community composition with nearest-neighbor imputation: extending plot data for landscape analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01244.x: 17 p.

Paoletti, David J.; Olson, Deanna H.; Blaustein, Andrew R. 2011. Responses of foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) larvae to an introduced predator. Copeia. 2011(1): 161-168.

Parks, M.; Liston, A.; Cronn, R. 2011. Newly developed primers for complete YCF1 amplification in Pinus (Pinaceae) chloroplasts with possible family-wide utility. American Journal of Botany 10.3732/ajb.1100088:e1-e4.

Pattison, R.R.; D'Antonio, C.M.; Dudley, T.L. 2011. Biological control reduces growth, and alters water relations of the saltcedar tree (Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA. Journal of Arid Environments. 75: 346-685.

Pauli, Jonathan N.; Whiteman, John P.; Marcot, Bruce G.; McClean, Terry M.; Ben-David, Merav, 2011. DNA-based approach to aging martens (Martes americana and M. caurina). Journal of Mammalogy. 92(3): 500-510.

Perry, David A.; Hessburg, Paul F.; Skinner, Carl N.; Spies, Thomas A.; Stephens, Scott L.; Henry Taylor, Alan; Franklin, Jerry F.; McComb, Brenda; Riegel, Greg. 2011. The ecology of mixed-severity fire regimes in Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Forest Ecology and Management. 262: 703-717.

Peters, D.P.C.; Lugo, A.E.; Chapin, F.S., III. [et al.]. 2011. Cross-system comparisons elucidate disturbance complexities and generalities. Ecosphere. 2(7): 1-26.

Pfeifer, Eric M.; Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Meddens, Arjan J.H. 2011. Observations and modeling of above ground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States. Global Change Biology. 17: 339-350.

Reeves, Gordon H.; Sleeper, Jack D.; Lang, Dirk W. 2011. Seasonal changes in habitat availability and the distribution and abundance of salmonids along a stream gradient from headwaters to mouth in coastal Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 140(3): 537-548.

Rinella, Matthew J.; Vavra, Martin; Naylor, Bridgett J.; Boyd, Jennifer M. 2011. Estimating influence of stocking regimes on livestock grazing distributions. Ecological Modelling. 222: 619-625.

Rohrs-Richey, Jennifer K.; Mulder, Christa P.H.; Winton, Loretta M.; Stanosz, Glen. 2011. Physiological performance of an Alaskan shrub (Alnus fruticosa) in response to disease (Valsa melanodiscus) and water stress. New Phytologist. 189: 295-307.

Rowland, Mary M.; Parks, Catherine G.; Vavra, Martin. 2011. The constant gardener: ecosystem effects of seed dispersal by ungulates. Billings, MT: Society for Range Management.

Searle, C.L.; Gervasi, S.S.; Hua, J.; Hammond, J.I.; Relyea, R.A.; Olson, D.H.; Blaustein, A.R. 2011. Differential host susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an emerging amphibian pathogen. Conservation Biology. 25(5): 965-974.

Serengil, Y.; Augustaitis, A.; Bytnerowicz, A.; Grulke, N.; Kozovitz, A.R.; Matyssek, R.; Muller-Starck, G.; Schaub, M.; Wieser, G.; Coskun, A.A.; Paoletti, E. 2011. Adaptation of forest ecosystems to air pollution and climate change: a global assessment on research priorities. iForest: Biogeosciences and Forestry. 4: 44-48.

Shenoy, A.; Johnstone, J.F.; Kasischke, E.S.; Kielland, K. 2011. Persistent effects of fire severity on early successional forests in interior Alaska. Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 381-390.

Shoo, Luke P.; Olson, Deanna H.; McMenamin, Sarah K.; Murray, Kris A.; VanSluys, Monique; Donnelly, Maureen A.; Stratford, Danial; Terhivuo, Juhani; Merino-Viteri, Andres; Herbert, Sarah M.; Bishop, Phillip J.; Corn, Paul Stephen; Dovey, Liz; Griffiths, Richard A.; Lowe, Katrin; Mahony, Michael; McCallum, Hamish; Shuker, Jonathan D.; Simpkins, Clay; Skerratt, Lee F.; Williams, Stephen E.; Hero, Jean-Marc. 2011. Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change. Journal of Applied Ecology. 48: 487-492.

Sovern, Stan G.; Taylor, Margaret; D., Forsman, Eric. 2011. Nest re-use by northern spotted owls on the east slope of the Cascade Range, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist. 92: 101-106.

Spellman, Blaine T.; Wurtz, Tricia L. 2011. Invasive sweetclover (Melilotus alba) impacts native seeding recruitment along floodplains of interior Alaska. Biological Invasions. doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9931-4: 12.

St. Clair, John Bradley; Howe, Glenn Thomas. 2011. Strategies for the conservation of forest genetic resources in the face of climate change. Turkish Journal of Botany. 35: 403-409.

Straub, Shannon C.K.; Fishbein, Mark; Livshult, Tatyana; Foster, Zachary; Parks, Matthew; Weitemier, Kevin; Cronn, Richard C.; Liston, Aaron. 2011. Building a model: developing genomic resources for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) with low coverage genome sequencing. BMC Genomics. 12.

Temesgen, Hailemariam; Monleon, Vicente; Weiskittel, Aaron; Wilson, Duncan. 2011. Sampling strategies for efficient estimation of tree foliage biomass. Forest Science. 57(2): 153-163.

Tobin, Patrick C.; Ludek, Berec; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2011. Exploiting Allee effects for managing biological invasions. Ecology Letters. 14: 615-624.

Voelker, Steven L.; Lachenbruch, Barbara; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Kitin, Peter; Strauss, Steven H. 2011. Reduced wood stiffness and strength, and altered stem form, in antisense 4CL transgenic poplar with reduced lignin contents. New Phytologist. 189: 1096-1109.

Voelker, Steven L.; Lachenbruch, Barbara; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Kitin, Peter; Strauss, Steven H. 2011. Transgenic poplars with reduced lignin show impaired xylem conductivity, growth efficiency, and survival. Plant, Cell and Environment. 34: 655-668.

Warren, Jeffrey M.; Brooks, J. Renée; Dragila, Maria I.; Meinzer, Frederick C. 2011. In situ separation of root hydraulic redistribution of soil water from liquid and vapor transport. Oecologia. 166: 899-911.

White, Rachel E.; Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Prestemon, Jeffrey P. 2011. Crime calmers. Nursery Management. 27(2): 30-33.

Williams, Jack E.; Williams, Richard N.; Thurow, Russell F.; Elwell, Leah; Philipp, David P.; Harris, Fred A.; Kershner, Jeffrey L.; Martinez, Patrick J.; Miller, Dirk; Reeves, Gordon H.; Frissell, Christopher A.; Sedell, James R. 2011. Native fish conservation areas: a vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities. Fisheries. 36(6): 267-277.

Wondzell, Steven M. 2011. The role of the hyporheic zone across stream networks. Hydrological Processes. doi:10.1002/hyp.8119: 8.

Youngblood, Andrew. 2011. Ecological lessons from long-term studies in experimental forest: ponderosa pine silviculture at Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, Central Oregon.

Youngblood, Andrew; Cole, Elizabeth; Newton, Michael 2011. Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. . Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 793-809.

Zarnetske, Jay P.; Haggerty, Roy; Wondzell, Steven M.; Baker, Michelle A. 2011. Dynamics of nitrate production and removal as a function of residence time in the hyporheic zone. Journal of Geophysical Research. 116:G01025 (doi:10.1029/2010JG001356, 2011): 1-12.

Science Updates

PNW Science Update is a periodical published several times a year by the PNW Research Station. Begun in 2002, this series contributes scientific knowledge for pressing decisions about natural resource and environmental issues.

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Issue 21 (2011) Landscape Models: Helping Land Managers Think Big

Resource Bulletins

Resource bulletins (RB) provide economic information of permanent value on timber and other forest resources or their use.

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Donnegan, Joseph A.; Trimble, Steven T.; Kusto, Karness; Kuegler, Olaf; Hiserote, Bruce A. 2011. Republic of the Marshall Islands' forest resources, 2008. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-263. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 29 p.

Donnegan, Joseph A.; Butler, Sarah L.; Kuegler, Olaf; Hiserote, Bruce A. 2011. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands' forest resources, 2004. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-261. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 40 p.

Donnegan, Joseph A.; Butler, Sarah L.; Kuegler, Olaf; Hiserote, Bruce A. 2011. Federated States of Micronesia's forest resources, 2006. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-262. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 50 p.

Warren, Debra D. 2011. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest forest industries, all quarters 2010. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-260. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 161 p.

Science Findings

To communicate our most significant findings to people who make and influence decisions about land management, we select up to 12 projects each year to highlight in a monthly publication.

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Issue 137 (November 2011) Growing quality of life: urban trees, birth weight, and crime, based on science by Geoffrey H. Donovan

Issue 136 (October 2011) Engineering a future for amphibians under a changing climate, based on science by Deanna Olson

Issue 135 (September 2011) Mount St. Helens: Still erupting lessons 31 years later, based on science by Charlie Crisafulli, and Fred Swanson

Issue 134 (July 2011) Seeking common ground: protecting homes from wildfires while making forests more resilient to fire, based on science by Alan Ager

Issue 133 (June 2011) Thermal pollution in rivers: Will adding gravel help to cool them down? based on science by Gordon Grant, and Barbara Burkholder

Issue 132 (April/May 2011) Tracing the fox family tree: the North American red fox has a diverse ancestry forged during successive ice ages, based on science by Keith Aubry

Issue 131 (March 2011) Canaries in a coal mine: using lichens to measure nitrogen pollution, based on science by Linda Geiser and Sarah Jovan

Issue 129 (January 2011) Watershed councils: it takes a community to restore a watershed, based on science by Rebecca Flitcroft.

Issue 130 (February 2011) Clark’s nutcracker and whitebark pine: Can the birds help the embattled high-country pine survive? based on science by Martin G. Raphael, and Teresa Lorenz.

Research Papers

Research papers (RPs) provide results, analyses, conclusions of formal studies.

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Daniels, Jean M. 2011. Stumpage market integration in western national forests. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-586. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 27 p.

Harrington, Timothy 2011. Quantifying competitive ability of perennial grasses to inhibit Scotch broom. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-587. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 15 p.