Land and Watershed Management

Genetic and Silvicultural Foundations for Management

A Bibliography for Quercus garryana and Other Geographically Associated and Botanically Related Oaks

Introduction

Interest in Quercus garryana, commonly known as Oregon white oak or Garry oak, has increased in recent years as scientists, resource managers, and the general public focus attention on a forest type in decline. Due to the limited ability of electronic databases to access literature pertaining to the species, we have compiled a comprehensive bibliography for Q. garryana The citations in the bibliography pertain primarily to Q. garryana; however, some references pertain to geographically associated oaks in southern Oregon and California, Q. alba (an eastern species closely related to Q. garryana), and general information about the genus Quercus. There are 488 citations that refer to Q. garryana, 191 that pertain to geographically associated oaks, 131 that pertain to Q. alba, and 27 general oak citations. This bibliography is also available as a paper document (PNW-GTR-554), a PDF (portable document format) file URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr554.pdf, and an EndNote^® database.

Search Database

Instructions

This bibliography can be searched by almost any part of the citation including author, year of publication, journal, words in a title, or keywords. Keywords are words or phrases that we assigned to each citation to describe the subject matter, species, and location (if appropriate) referred to in the text. The results of the search can be printed page by page from Reference Web Poster, or (if you have the appropriate bibliographic software on your computer) the search results or the entire bibliography can be exported directly into Reference Manager^® or ProCite^®, or downloaded into a text file including the necessary formatting to import directly into EndNote^®. To search the database, click on the "Search Database" link. The"Advanced Search" function is the default search mode and is recommended to obtain accurate results.

• Using the "Advanced Search" Function
• Refining your search using Boolean Operators
• Using the "Quick Search" Function
• Viewing Search Results
• Downloading Citations
• Using the On-line Help
• Topics and Keywords

Using the "Advanced Search" Function

The "Advanced Search" function can be used to search all indexed (keyword, author, year and periodical) and non-indexed (title and abstract) fields. To begin a search, select the database you would like to search from the drop-down list (in this case "Quercus garryana.enl"). Select the field you would like to search (i.e., Authors, Keywords, Year, Titles, Periodical, etc.) from the "Field to Search" drop-down list. Enter the word, phrase or year that you would like to search for in the "Data to Locate" column. The "Advanced Search" assumes a wild card asterisk after two or more letters in the "Data to Locate" field. Do not type an asterisk to perform a wild card search because the "Advanced Search" function will search for the asterisk as a literal character. When searching the "Keywords" field for a particular word or phrase, it must be entered exactly as it is listed in the "Topics and Keywords" section or the results of your search may be inaccurate. The "Advanced Search" function is not case sensitive, but it is sensitive to spelling and spacing. Quotation marks should not be used in the "Data to Locate" field of the "Advanced Search" function because it will search for quotation marks as literal characters. The title field can be searched by full document title, or by words or phrases that may be contained in a document title. You can expand or limit your search using the Boolean operators "And", "Or", and "Not" (see below).When the search criteria have been entered, click on the "Start Search" button (not the "Quick Search" button). The "Results" column displays the number of references found for each successive search criteria (i.e., the results on the first line indicate the number of references that meet the first criterion, the results on the second line indicate the number of references that meet the first two criteria, etc.).

Refining your search using Boolean Operators

The "Advanced Search" function allows you to expand or limit your search using the Boolean operators "And", "Or", and "Not". For example, if you select "Keywords" from the "Field to Search" drop-down list and enter "acorns" in the "Data to Locate" column, this search would result in a list of all acorn references. You can refine this search by choosing the Boolean operator "And" from the Boolean drop-down list on the second line and selecting the "Keywords" field to search entering "Quercus garryana" in the "Data to Locate" column. The second line in this search limits the search to only references pertaining to Quercus garryana acorns. You could expand this search by selecting the Boolean operator "Or" on the third line and selecting the "Keywords" field to search entering "Quercus alba" in the "Data to Locate" column. The third line would expand the search to include Quercus alba acorn references as well as Quercus garryana acorn references. The "Advanced Search" feature also allows you to search multiple fields using Boolean operators. For example, if you choose the "Keywords" field to search entering "regeneration" in the "Data to Locate" column on the first line and set the Boolean operator on the second line to "And" choosing the "Authors" field to search and entering "McDonald" in the "Data to Locate" field, the search will result in references pertaining to regeneration written by authors with the name "McDonald". The Boolean operator "Not" can be used to exclude references that would otherwise meet the existing criteria. For example, if you wanted a list of the references that pertain to only Quercus garryana plant communities, you could search the "Keywords" field for "plant communities" on the first line and select the Boolean operator "Not" from the drop-down list on the second line choosing the "Keywords" field to search and entering "California Oaks" in the "Data to Locate" column.

The "Advanced Search" function also allows you to perform same line multiple Boolean searches for terms that are within the same field. To perform a same line multiple Boolean search, add braces around each term. For example, to search the "Keywords" field for multiple terms, select "Keywords" from the "Field to Search" drop-down list and enter "{acorns} and {Quercus garryana} or {Quercus alba}" (without the quotation marks). This search will result in all references pertaining to Quercus garryana acorns as well as references pertaining to Quercus alba acorns.

Using the "Quick Search" Function

The "Quick Search" function can be used to search all indexed fields for a particular word or phrase, but can produce inaccurate results depending on how the word or phrase is entered. For this reason, we recommend using the "Advanced Search" function (the "Advanced Search" function is the default search mode).

To use the "Quick Search" function, click on the "Quick Search" button. Select the database you would like to search from the drop-down list (in this case "Quercus garryana.enl"), type the word or phrase in the "Text to Search for" field, and click on the "Start Search" button. Phrases should be surrounded by quotation marks. The "Quick Search" function includes an "implied" wildcard after two or more characters are entered into the "Text to Search for" field. Do not type an asterisk at the end of your term to perform a wild card search because the "Quick Search" function will search for the asterisk as a literal character. The "Quick Search" function assumes the Boolean operator "And". Therefore, you do not have to type "and" between terms to perform a basic "And" search. For example, to find references pertaining to growth and yield, enter "growth yield" (without quotation marks) into the "Text to Search for" field. You can manually type the "Or" and "Not" Boolean operators to perform more complex Boolean searches. For example, to find references pertaining to insects or diseases, enter "insects or diseases" (without quotation marks) into the "Text to Search for" field. Do not enclose search terms in brackets when performing a Boolean search with the "Quick Search" function. The "Text to Search for" box can handle up to 9 terms. To most accurately find the references pertaining to a given topic, we recommend using the "Advanced Search" function.

Viewing Search Results

The results of each search will display on the screen when the "Start Search" button is clicked. The citations appear ten at a time sorted alphabetically by primary author and secondarily by the year of publication. To view the remaining citations, click on the "Next Page" button, or click on the appropriate page number in the "Go to page" section at the bottom of the screen. To view the previous page of citations, click on the "Previous Page" button, or click on the appropriate page number in the "Go to page" section. To view the references that meet each successive search criteria in a multiple line search, click on the numbers in the "Results" column. The results on the first line indicate the number of references that meet the first criterion, the results on the second line indicate the number of references that meet the first two criteria, etc.).

To view the full record associated with a citation, click on the full record icon to the left of the citation (the icon that looks like pages of paper). The full record includes keywords and additional information pertaining to the reference. For those citations where the complete reference is available online, a link to the appropriate URL has been included in the full record. To view the full record for the next citation, click on the "Next Reference" button. To view the full record for the previous citation, click on the "Previous Reference" button. To mark a citation in the full record view, click on the small box to the right of the word "Marked" at the top of the screen. To unmark a marked record, click on the checked box to the right of "Marked". To exit the full record view and go back to the list of citations, click on the "Back" button.

Downloading Citations

Citations that you would like to download must be marked. To mark an individual citation, click on the small box next to the citation. The export function will not work if there are no marked citations. You can mark an entire page of citations by clicking on the "Mark Page" button. You can mark all of the citations produced from a given search by clicking on the "Mark All" button. If you wish to unmark an individual citation, click on the checked box next to the marked citation. If you wish to unmark all of the marked citations, click on the "Clear Marked List" button at the top of the screen (above the search criteria). When you have marked the citations that you would like to keep, you can click on the "Show Marked List" button to remove all of the unmarked citations. The resulting list can be printed from Reference Web Poster, however, for multiple pages of citations, each page will need to be printed separately.

To export marked citations into Endnote^®, the citations must first be exported into a text format and then imported into Endnote^®. To export records in a text format, select the "RIS format" button. This format includes all of the necessary formatting and information to be imported into Endnote^®. Save the output as a text file and import the text file into EndNote^® using the "Reference Manager (RIS)" import option. The RIS format is also an option for users who do not have Reference Manager^®, ProCite^®, or EndNote^® to download marked citations as a text file. The text format contains complete citations, however, it also includes extra formatting text that would need to be removed to create a clean text file.

Using the On-line Help

The Reference Web Poster on-line help is available for every function and can be accessed by clicking on the "Help" button. The "Help" button activates the on-line help for the function you are currently using. For example, if you are performing a search using the "Advanced Search" function and you click on the "Help" button, the on-line help window opens to the "Advanced Search" section. Similarly, if you are viewing records in the full record function and you click on the "Help" button, the help window opens to the "Full Record" section. The on-line help contains instructions for using each function as well as tips and strategies for searching. It includes a section on troubleshooting with some frequently asked questions and answers. The on-line help also includes a section called "Buttons and Fields" that lists the function of all of the buttons and fields. Contact information for ISI ResearchSoft (the creators of Reference Web Poster) including technical support information (phone numbers and an e-mail address is available through the on-line help function.

Topics and Keywords

The following lists of keywords are grouped by topic to facilitate finding appropriate keywords for your topic of interest. The topics are in bold typeface and the associated keywords are in normal typeface. Please note that the topic headings below do not function as keywords unless they are listed as keywords (i.e., listed in normal typeface). When searching using the "Keywords" field in the "Advanced Search" function, particular words and phrases must be entered exactly as they are listed, or the results may be inaccurate.

• Locations
• Species, Varieties and Hybrids
• Topics
  • Anatomy
  • Conservation, Restoration, and Biodiversity
  • Damaging Agents
  • Ecological Processes
  • Environmental Conditions
  • Flowering and Acorn Production
  • Genetics
  • Grasslands, Prairies, and Meadows
  • Growth and Yield
  • Historical Distribution and Analyses
  • Links to Other Information Sources
  • Management After Stand Establishment
  • Management and Use by Native Americans
  • Non-forestry Use of Oak Woodlands
  • Physiology
  • Plant Description, Range and Current Distribution
  • Regeneration and Stand Establishment
  • Root System Characteristics
  • Site Characteristics
  • Tree and Stand Characteristics
  • Vegetation and Plant Communities
  • Wildlife Occurrence and Use
  • Wood Properties and utilization

Locations

• California
• Bald Hills
• Oregon
• Willamette Valley
• Washington
• Fort Lewis
• Puget Lowlands
• Olympic Peninsula
• British Columbia

Species, Varieties and Hybrids

• California oaks
• eastern oaks
• general oak
• Quercus agrifolia
• Quercus alba
• Quercus chrysolepis
• Quercus douglasii
• Quercus douglasii X garryana
• Quercus garryana
• Quercus garryana var. breweri
• Quercus garryana var. breweri X Quercus douglasii
• Quercus garryana var. breweri X Quercus sadleriana
• Quercus garryana var. semota
• Quercus garryana X douglasii
• Quercus garryana X Quercus dumosa
• Quercus garryana X Quercus durata
• Quercus garryana X Quercus lobata
• Quercus kelloggii
• Quercus spp.
• Quercus X eplingi
• Quercus X howellii
• Quercus X subconvexa

TOPICS

Anatomy

• anatomy
• cavitation
• fibers
• parenchyma cells
• stomata
• tracheids
• tyloses
• vessels
• xylem

Conservation, Restoration, and Biodiversity

• biodiversity
• conservation
• education
• existing research
• habitat protection
• preservation
• restoration
• species richness

Damaging Agents

• allelopathy
• biological control
• browse
• cankers
• Cynipidae
• decay
• defoliation
• diseases
• frost damage
• fungi
• galls
• grazing
• heart-rot
• insects
• mistletoe
• mortality
• predation
• root rot
• seed predation
• seedling mortality
• seedling predation
• survival
• wasps

Ecological Processes

• decomposition
• disturbance
• ecology
• fire
• invasion
• nitrogen fixation
• nutrient cycling
• succession

Environmental Conditions

• air temperature
• climate
• climatic changes
• drought
• environmental factors
• environmental gradients
• light
• meteorological conditions
• microclimate
• precipitation
• shade
• soil compaction
• soil moisture
• soil temperature
• temperature

Flowering and Acorn Production

• acorn development
• acorn dispersal
• acorn maturation
• acorn placement
• acorn production
• acorn size
• acorn storage
• acorns
• estimating acorn crops
• fertilization
• flowering
• flowers
• germination
• human food source
• masting
• nondormancy
• nutritional value
• pollen
• pollination
• predator satiation
• recalcitrance
• reproduction
• visual surveys
• wildlife food source

Genetics

• biodiversity
• chemosystematics
• clones
• Erythrobalanus (red oaks)
• evolution
• genetics
• hybridization
• Lepidobalanus (white oaks)
• taxonomy

Grasslands, Prairies, and Meadows

• grasslands
• meadows
• prairie

Growth and Yield

• FVS
• growth
• height-diameter equations
• inventory
• modeling
• mortality
• ORGANON
• tree-ring chronology
• volume
• yield

Historical Distribution and Analyses

• historical distribution
• history
• late-quaternary history
• macrofossils
• palynology
• pollen
• pollen analysis

Links to Other Information Sources

• bibliography
• electronic link
• proceedings

Management After Stand Establishment

• fertilizer application
• harvest
• herbicides
• irrigation
• management
• prescribed fire
• release
• silvicultural treatments
• thinning

Management and Use by Native Americans

• burning by Native Americans
• human food source
• hunting
• Native Americans
• nutritional value

Non-forestry Use of Oak Woodlands

• anthropogenic impacts
• economics
• grazing
• hunting
• livestock

Physiology

• allelopathy
• budbreak
• evapotranspiration
• leaf abscission
• nutrient composition
• nutrients
• osmotic potential
• phenolic characters
• phenology
• photosynthesis
• respiration
• stomata
• stomatal conductance
• tannin
• transpiration
• water loss
• water relations

Plant Description, Range and Current Distribution

• distribution
• GIS
• mapping
• plant description
• range

Regeneration and Stand Establishment

• fertilizer application
• grafting
• herbicides
• planting
• propagation
• pruning
• reforestation
• regeneration
• reproduction
• root pruning
• saplings
• seed predation
• seedbed density
• seedling development
• seedling establishment
• seedling irrigation
• seedling mortality
• seedling predation
• seedling protection
• seedling survival
• seedlings
• sprouting
• stumps
• tree shelters

Root System Characteristics

• ectomycorrhizae
• fine roots
• mycorrhizae
• root system architecture
• roots

Site Characteristics

• aspect
• elevation
• geology
• precipitation
• productivity
• silvics
• site index
• slope position
• soil
• topography

Tree and Stand Characteristics

• age
• bark
• basal area
• biomass
• branching
• buds
• canopy
• catkins
• competition
• crown
• crown structure
• diameter
• epicormic branches
• fire resistance
• foliage
• frost hardiness
• height
• interception
• leaf area index
• litterfall
• morphology
• shoot length
• stand characteristics
• stand density
• stand development
• stand dynamics
• stand structure
• stumps
• twigs

Vegetation and Plant Communities

• bryophytes
• epiphytes
• forbs
• hardwoods
• lichens
• mixed stands
• noxious weeds
• nurse plant
• oak savannas
• oak woodlands
• plant associations
• plant communities
• seral stages
• shrubs
• species recruitment
• understory

Wildlife Occurrence and Use

• amphibians
• birds
• browse
• cavities
• habitat
• habitat fragmentation
• reptiles
• Sciurus griseus
• small mammals
• wildlife
• wildlife food source

Wood Properties and Utilization

• decay resistance
• defects
• drying
• seasoning
• specific gravity
• utilization
• wood properties

Citation

This bibliography can be cited as:

Harrington, C.A.; Kallas, M.A. 2002 A bibliography for Quercus garryana and other geographically associated and botanically related oaks. URL:
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/olympia/silv/oak-studies/oak-bibliography.shtml

USDA Forest Service - GenSilv Team
Last Modified: Friday, 19 November 2010 at 13:02:38 EST