Gypsy Moth In North America

Evaluation of Forest Susceptibility to the Gypsy Moth across the Coterminous United States

LITERATURE CITED

BESS, H..A., SPURR, S.H, AND LITTLEFIELD, E.W. 1947. Forest site conditions and the gypsy moth. Harv. For. Bull. No 22. 56 pp.

GANSNER, DAVID A.; DRAKE, DAVID A.; ARNER, STANFORD L.; HERSHEY, RACHEL R., KING, SUSAN L. 1993. Defoliation potential of gypsy moth. USDA Forest Service Res. Note NE-354

HANSEN, M.H., T. FRIESWYK, J.F. GLOVER, AND J.F. KELLY. 1993. The eastwide forest inventory data base: users manual. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-151.

HERRICK, O. W. AND GANSNER, D.A. 1986. Rating forest stands for gypsy moth defoliation. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-583. 4 pp.

LEONARD, D.E. 1981. Bioecology of the gypsy moth. p. 9-29 in: The gypsy moth: Research toward integrated pest management. Doane, C.C. and M.L. McManus (eds.). USDA Tech. Bull. 1584.

LIEBHOLD, A.M. AND J.S. ELKINTON. 1989. Characterizing spatial patterns of gypsy moth regional defoliation. 1989. Forest Science. 35: 557-568.

LIEBHOLD, A.M., G.A. ELMES, J.A. HALVERSON, AND J. QUIMBY. 1994. Landscape characterization of forest susceptibility to gypsy moth defoliation. For. Sci..

LIEBHOLD, A.M., K.W. GOTTSCHALK, R. MUZIKA, M.E. MONTGOMERY, R. YOUNG, K. ODAY, AND B. KELLEY. 1995. Suitability of North American Tree Species to the Gypsy Moth: A Summary of Field and Laboratory Tests. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-__

TWERY, M.J., G.A. ELMES, C.B. YUILL AND T.L. MILLETTE. 1990. Using GIS to assess gypsy moth hazard. in: proc. of the ASPRS/ACSM 1990. 3: 18-23.

VALENTINE, H.T. AND HOUSTON, D.R. 1979. A discriminant function for identifying mixed-oak stand susceptibility to gypsy moth defoliation. Forest Sci. 25: 468-474.

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Last modified 11-03-03 by Sandy Liebhold .

USDA Forest Service - Northeastern Research Station