ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Cornus racemosa CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: CORNALES FAMILY: CORNACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Cornus racemosa AUTHORITY: Lam. COMMON NAMES: GRAY DOGWOOD SYNONOMY: Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J.S. Wilson PLANTS CODE: COFOR NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST MESIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST MESIC THICKETS PRAIRIE TYPICAL PRAIRIE MESIC WETLAND BORDER OF LAKE PRIMARY GLADE LIMESTONE CULTURAL AGRICULTURAL FIELD FIELD DIVISION SUCCESSIONAL FIELD RESTORATION FOREST SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: UNAVAILABLE NATURAL DIVISION: UNAVAILABLE COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOONE BROWN CALHOUN CARROLL CASS CHAMPAIGN CLARK CLAY COLES COOK CRAWFORD CUMBERLAND DEKALB DEWITT DOUGLAS DUPAGE EDGAR EFFINGHAM FAYETTE FULTON GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HENDERSON HENRY IROQUOIS JACKSON JASPER JERSEY JO DAVIESS JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL KNOX LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MERCER MONROE MONTGOMERY MOULTRIE OGLE PEORIA PERRY PIATT PIKE POPE PUTNAM RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SANGAMON SCHUYLER SHELBY STARK STEPHENSON TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WHITESIDE WILL WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary Adventitious (stolons) LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Entire LEAF VENATION: Pinnate LEAF SHAPE: Lanceolate INFLORESCENCE: Dischasium FLOWER MEROUS: 4 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Complete Regular FLOWER COLOR: White FLOWER PLACEMENT: Epigynous FRUIT: DRUPE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Species has gray twigs (young reddish) with brown pith; inflorescence is about as broad as high with bright red branches; drupes are white on red pedicels. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Shrub LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual Vegetative FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 5 MONTH END- 7 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Perfect ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Species is distributed along roadsides; clearings; tends to increase with disturbance; its extensive vegetative colonies help preserve it against fires in prairie remnants. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: BIRD -internal MAMMAL -internal HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Medium LANDSCAPING: YES AMOUNT: Medium WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: - Leaves Stems Buds UPLAND GAME VALUE: - Fruit Buds WATERFOWL VALUE: - Fruit SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: - Fruit SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: - Fruit AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: No data entered WILDLIFE COMMENTS: This pertains to terrestrial furbearers who eat food, such as twigs, fruit, foliage. Regarding waterfowl food value, this pertains especially to wood ducks. LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: No data entered REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS: Medium SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good WEEDINESS: Non-weedy SEED AVAILABILITY: Good SEED BANK: High MANAGEMENT-BENEFICIAL: Other PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: Seed company numbers: 2,14,15,16,20,21,22,27,29,33,35,37,40,52. PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Form - bare root, seeds. MANAGEMENT COMMENTS: Management involves removal of some overstory competition. REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Gill, J. D. and W. M. Healy. 1974. Shrubs and vines for northeastern wildlife. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-9. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Cornus racemosa ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015