ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Circaea alpina
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    MYRTALES
 FAMILY:   ONAGRACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Circaea alpina
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    SMALL ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: CIAL
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         MESIC
     PRIMARY
       BLUFF
         CLIFF (ROCKY BLUFF)
           LIMESTONE
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Wisconsin Driftless
 
 COUNTIES:
   COOK            JO DAVIESS      KANE            LAKE
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Adventitious   (rhizomes)   (tubers)
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Undulate   Dentate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Ovate     Cordate     Deltoid
    INFLORESCENCE:   Raceme
    FLOWER MEROUS:  Other
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Epigynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     2-merous;  weak stems
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Endangered-ST
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Rare
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual   Vegetative
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      6         MONTH END-      7
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Cool forests, dolomite cliff in side canyon;  marshy ground; on old logs
     in swamps; ravines
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:  No data entered
 
     PREFERRED ASPECT:   North       HABITAT:   Moist
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   BIRD   -external     MAMMAL   -external
 
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  Low
 
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     WEEDINESS:   Non-weedy
 
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Porter, C. L.  1967.  Taxonomy of flowering plants.  W. H. Freeman and
     Company, San Francisco.  472 pp.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Sheviak, C. J.  1981.  Endangered and threatened plants.  Pages 70-179 in M.
     L. Bowles, V. E. Diersing, and J. E. Ebinger, eds., Endangered and
     threatened vertebrate animals and vascular plants of Illinois.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Springfield.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Circaea alpina
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015