ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Campanula americana
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    CAMPANULALES
 FAMILY:   CAMPANULACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Campanula americana
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    AMERICAN BELLFLOWER
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: CAAM6
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         MESIC
       FLOODPLAIN FOREST
         MESIC
       THICKETS
 
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:
     CENTRAL
        Other Central Types
           Silver Maple - American Elm
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           ALEXANDER       BOND            BOONE           BUREAU
   CALHOUN         CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN       CHRISTIAN
   CLARK           CLAY            COLES           COOK            CRAWFORD
   CUMBERLAND      DEKALB          DOUGLAS         DUPAGE          EDGAR
   EDWARDS         EFFINGHAM       FAYETTE         FORD            FRANKLIN
   FULTON          GREENE          GRUNDY          HAMILTON        HANCOCK
   HARDIN          HENDERSON       HENRY           IROQUOIS        JACKSON
   JASPER          JEFFERSON       JERSEY          JO DAVIESS      JOHNSON
   KANE            KANKAKEE        KENDALL         KNOX            LAKE
   LASALLE         LAWRENCE        LEE             LIVINGSTON      LOGAN
   MCDONOUGH       MCHENRY         MCLEAN          MACON           MACOUPIN
   MARION          MARSHALL        MASON           MASSAC          MENARD
   MERCER          MONROE          MONTGOMERY      MORGAN          MOULTRIE
   OGLE            PEORIA          PERRY           PIATT           PIKE
   POPE            PUTNAM          RANDOLPH        RICHLAND        ROCK ISLAND
   ST. CLAIR       SALINE          SANGAMON        SCHUYLER        SCOTT
   SHELBY          STARK           STEPHENSON      TAZEWELL        UNION
   VERMILION       WABASH          WARREN          WAYNE           WHITE
   WHITESIDE       WILL            WILLIAMSON      WINNEBAGO       WOODFORD
 
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMY COMMENTS:
     This is including var. illinoensis (Fresn.) Farw.
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Lanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Raceme
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Blue
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Epigynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Style is declined and upwardly curved.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Common
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Biennial   Annual
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      6         MONTH END-     10
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Species can behave as both an annual or a biennial.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     EDIBLE:  Yes
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  High
     LANDSCAPING:  YES
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Young plants can be cooked and eaten as green vegetables.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:
     FOOD VALUE:
         DEER VALUE:   -   Leaves
         UPLAND GAME VALUE:  Unknown
         WATERFOWL VALUE:  Unknown
         SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE:  Unknown
         SMALL MAMMAL VALUE:  Unknown
         AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE:  Unknown
         FISH VALUE:  Unknown
     COVER VALUE:  No data entered
 
 LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA:  No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:    No data entered
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 OTHER REFERENCES:
     Baskin, J.M., and C.C. Baskin. 1984. The ecological life cycle of
     Campanula americana in northcentral Kentucky. Torrey Botanical
     Club Bulletin III: 329-337.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Campanula americana
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015