ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Zanthoxylum americanum
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    SAPINDALES
 FAMILY:   RUTACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Zanthoxylum americanum
 AUTHORITY:  Mill.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    PRICKLY ASH
 
 SYNONOMY:
     Xanthoxylum americanum Mill.
 
 PLANTS CODE: ZAAM
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         DRY
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
       THICKETS
     SAVANNA
       TYPICAL SAVANNA
         DRY-MESIC
     CULTURAL
       AGRICULTURAL FIELD
         PASTURELAND
       SUCCESSIONAL FIELD
         ABANDONED FORAGELAND
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Coastal Plain
        Cretaceous Hills
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           BOONE           BROWN           CALHOUN         CARROLL
   CASS            CHAMPAIGN       CHRISTIAN       COLES           COOK
   CRAWFORD        DEKALB          DEWITT          DOUGLAS         DUPAGE
   EDGAR           FORD            FULTON          GREENE          GRUNDY
   HANCOCK         HENDERSON       HENRY           IROQUOIS        JACKSON
   JERSEY          JO DAVIESS      JOHNSON         KANE            KANKAKEE
   KENDALL         LAKE            LASALLE         LEE             LIVINGSTON
   LOGAN           MCDONOUGH       MCHENRY         MCLEAN          MACON
   MACOUPIN        MASON           MASSAC          MENARD          MERCER
   MONTGOMERY      MORGAN          MOULTRIE        OGLE            PEORIA
   PIATT           PIKE            POPE            PUTNAM          RANDOLPH
   ROCK ISLAND     SANGAMON        SCOTT           SHELBY          STARK
   STEPHENSON      TAZEWELL        UNION           VERMILION       WHITESIDE
   WILL            WILLIAMSON      WINNEBAGO       WOODFORD
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-woody
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:    Compound  (pinnately)
    LEAF MARGIN:   Entire
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Ovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Umbel
    FLOWER MEROUS:  4
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Incomplete  (no sepals)   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Green
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Follicle
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Species has strongly aromatic foliage; branches and petioles
     are prickly.
     Regarding flower merous, it may be 4 or 5.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS:
     Species is rare in southern half.
 
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Shrub
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      4         MONTH END-      5
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Unisexual   -dioecious
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  NO
     WILD HERBS:   Medicinal
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Volatile oil is used as a tonic or stimulant; bark and fruit have been
     used to relieve toothache.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:    No data entered
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Zanthoxylum americanum
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015