ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Viola rafinesquii CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: VIOLALES FAMILY: VIOLACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Viola rafinesquii AUTHORITY: Greene COMMON NAMES: JOHNNY-JUMP-UP SYNONOMY: Viola bicolor Pursh Viola kitaibeliana Roem & Schultes var. rafinesquii (Green) Fern. PLANTS CODE: VIBI NATURAL COMMUNITIES: PRIMARY GLADE LIMESTONE CULTURAL AGRICULTURAL FIELD PASTURELAND SUCCESSIONAL FIELD DEVELOPED LAND SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: NO NATURAL DIVISION: UNAVAILABLE COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BROWN CALHOUN CASS CHAMPAIGN CHRISTIAN CLARK CLAY COLES CRAWFORD CUMBERLAND DEWITT DOUGLAS EDGAR EDWARDS FAYETTE FRANKLIN FULTON GALLATIN GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HARDIN JACKSON JEFFERSON JERSEY JOHNSON LAWRENCE MCDONOUGH MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MASON MASSAC MENARD MERCER MONROE MONTGOMERY MORGAN MOULTRIE PERRY PIKE POPE PULASKI RANDOLPH RICHLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCOTT SHELBY TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WILL WILLIAMSON GROWTH FORM: Dicot-herb TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate Basal LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Entire Crenate LEAF VENATION: Pinnate LEAF SHAPE: Oblanceolate Obovate Orbicular INFLORESCENCE: Solitary- few FLOWER MEROUS: 5 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Complete Irregular FLOWER COLOR: Blue White FLOWER PLACEMENT: Hypogynous FRUIT: Capsule GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Introduced- Europe Asia GEOGRAPHIC COMMENTS: Species may be native to eastern U.S. POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS: Species is nearly absent in northern counties. BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Forb LIFE CYCLE: Annual REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 3 MONTH END- 6 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Perfect ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Species is distributed in waste places, fields, sandy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: EXPLOSIVE FRUIT HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: EDIBLE: Yes SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Medium WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: No data entered REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: WEEDINESS: COLONIZING REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1967-continuing. The illustrated flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Viola rafinesquii ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015