ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Viola obliqua
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    VIOLALES
 FAMILY:   VIOLACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Viola obliqua
 AUTHORITY:  Hill
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    MARSH BLUE VIOLET
 
 SYNONOMY:
     Viola cucullata Ait.
 
 PLANTS CODE: VICU
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     WETLAND
       MARSH
       SWAMP
       BOG
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   BOONE           CALHOUN         CHAMPAIGN       COOK            CRAWFORD
   DEKALB          DUPAGE          EDGAR           FORD            GREENE
   HAMILTON        HANCOCK         HENRY           JACKSON         JERSEY
   JO DAVIESS      KANE            KANKAKEE        LAKE            LASALLE
   LAWRENCE        LEE             LIVINGSTON      MCHENRY         MACOUPIN
   MENARD          OGLE            PEORIA          PIATT           PULASKI
   ST. CLAIR       SANGAMON        SCOTT           WASHINGTON      WAYNE
   WILL            WINNEBAGO
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Adventitious   (rhizomes)
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:    Basal
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate   Crenate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Ovate     Cordate    Reniform
    INFLORESCENCE:   Solitary- few
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Irregular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Blue   Violet
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS:
     Species is rare in southern half of state.
 
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual   Vegetative
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      4         MONTH END-      6
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Species produces cleistogamous flowers which are responsible
     for most of the seed set.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   INSECT   EXPLOSIVE FRUIT
 
 
 FUNCTIONAL DATA COMMENTS:
     Seeds are explosively ejected from the capsule and then further
     dispersed by ants (Beattie and Lyons, 1975).
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     EDIBLE:  Yes
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  Medium
 
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Leaves and flowers are edible.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:    No data entered
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1967-continuing.  The illustrated flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 OTHER REFERENCES:
     Beattie, A.J., and N. Lyons. Seed dispersal in Viola (Violaceae):
          Adaptations and strategies. American Journal of Botany
          62: 714-722.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Viola obliqua
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015