ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Spiranthes lucida
 
 
 CLASS:    MONOCOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    ORCHIDALES
 FAMILY:   ORCHIDACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Spiranthes lucida
 AUTHORITY:  (H.H. Eaton) Ames
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    YELLOW-LIPPED LADIES' TRESSES
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: SPLU2
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     WETLAND
       BOG
       FEN
       SEDGE MEADOW
       PANNE
       BORDER OF LAKE
     PRIMARY
       BLUFF
         CLIFF (ROCKY BLUFF)
           SANDSTONE
           LIMESTONE
 
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:
     NO
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Northeastern Morainal
 
 COUNTIES:
   COOK            HANCOCK         LAKE            WILL            WOODFORD
 
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Monocot
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Adventitious   (rhizomes)
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate    Basal
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Entire
    LEAF VENATION:  Parallel
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Oblanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Spike
    FLOWER MEROUS:  3
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Irregular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Yellow   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Epigynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Low growing rarely to 3 dm.  Leaves rich grass-green shiny.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 GEOGRAPHIC COMMENTS:
     Only known population occurs in a Cook Co. forest preserve.
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Endangered-ST
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Rare
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      5         MONTH END-      6
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Calcareous shores- alkaline soils in swampy, calcareous, spring-fed meadows;
     moist places at base of or along ledges of limestone or sandstone of small
     bluffs along creeks: In N. Il, in the lake area, sparingly on springy marl
     borders of lakes and bogs
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:
          GRAVEL         No data entered    SAND           Good
          SANDY LOAM     No data entered    LOAM           No data entered
          CLAY LOAM      No data entered    CLAY           No data entered
          DENSE CLAY     No data entered    ORGANIC SOIL   No data entered
          NEUTRAL pH     Good               ACIDIC SOIL    No data entered
          EXTREMELY ACID No data entered    SALINE SOIL    No data entered
          SODIC SOIL     No data entered    SODIC-SALINE   No data entered
          ROCKY OUTCROPS No data entered    GENTLE SLOPES  No data entered
          MODERATE SLOPE No data entered    STEEP SLOPES   No data entered
     HABITAT:   Wet
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   WIND
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT   bee
     MYCORRHIZAE:   endomycorrhizal   obligate
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  Medium
 
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:    No data entered
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1967-continuing.  The illustrated flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and
     J. White.  1973.  Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves
     System.  Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois.  Illinois Nature
     Preserves Commission, Springfield.  32 pp., plus map.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Sheviak, C. J.  1981.  Endangered and threatened plants.  Pages 70-179 in M.
     L. Bowles, V. E. Diersing, and J. E. Ebinger, eds., Endangered and
     threatened vertebrate animals and vascular plants of Illinois.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Springfield.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
Sheviak, C. J.  1974.  An introduction to the ecology of the Illinois
     Orchidaceae.  Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers XIV.
     Springfield.  89 pp.
Dressler, R. L.  1981.  The orchids - natural history and classification.
     Harvard University Press.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Spiranthes lucida
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015