ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Actaea rubra
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    RANUNCULALES
 FAMILY:   RANUNCULACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Actaea rubra
 AUTHORITY:  (Ait.) Wilkl.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    RED BANEBERRY
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: ACRU2
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         MESIC
       THICKETS
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   BOONE           CARROLL         COOK            JO DAVIESS      KANE
   LAKE            LASALLE         LEE             MCHENRY         OGLE
   STEPHENSON      WILL            WINNEBAGO
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMY COMMENTS:
     This is including F. neglecta (Gillman) Robins which
     has white fruit instead of red.
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:    Compound  (trifoliate)
    LEAF MARGIN:   Dentate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Ovate     Obovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Raceme
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Berry
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      4         MONTH END-      5
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Species is distributed in springy, calcareous habitats.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   BIRD     MAMMAL
 
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT   fly   beetle
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     EDIBLE:  Poisonous
 
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Berries are poisonous.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:
     FOOD VALUE:  No data entered
     COVER VALUE:  No data entered
 
 LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA:
     CATTLE FORAGE: No data    SHEEP FORAGE:  No data    HORSE FORAGE:  No data
     GOAT FORAGE:   No data    ENERGY VALUE:  Low        PROTEIN VALUE: Low
     POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK):   Yes       -minor
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     WEEDINESS:   Non-weedy
 
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1967-continuing.  The illustrated flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 OTHER REFERENCES:
     Pellmyr. O. 1985. The pollination biology of Actaea pachypoda
          and A. rubra (including A. erythracarpa) in northern Michigan
          and Finland. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin 112:265-273.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Actaea rubra
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015