ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Sagittaria latifolia CLASS: MONOCOTYLEDENAE ORDER: ALISMATALES FAMILY: ALISMATACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Sagittaria latifolia AUTHORITY: Willd. COMMON NAMES: ARROWHEAD COMMON ARROWLEAF DUCK POTATO SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: SALA2 NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST FLOODPLAIN FOREST WET FLATWOODS WETLAND MARSH TYPICAL MARSH SWAMP BOG SEEP & SPRING TYPICAL SEEP BORDER OF LAKE LISTED CHARACTERISTIC LAKE AND POND POND LAKE RESERVOIR ARTIFICIAL IMPOUNDMN STREAM CREEK LOW-GRADIENT SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: SOUTHERN NO MATCH IN RELATED DATAFILE 1 FOR RECORD 3120 NATURAL DIVISION: Grand Prairie Grand Prairie Springfield Western Green River Lowland listed COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOONE CALHOUN CARROLL CASS CHAMPAIGN CLARK COLES COOK CRAWFORD DEKALB DEWITT DUPAGE FAYETTE FORD FULTON GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HENDERSON JACKSON JEFFERSON JERSEY JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL KNOX LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MONROE MORGAN OGLE PEORIA PIATT PIKE POPE PUTNAM RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCHUYLER STEPHENSON TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WHITESIDE WILL WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Monocot TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Adventitious (rhizomes) (tubers) LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Basal LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Entire LEAF VENATION: Parallel LEAF SHAPE: Sagittate Other INFLORESCENCE: Raceme Other FLOWER MEROUS: 3 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Complete Regular FLOWER COLOR: White FLOWER PLACEMENT: Hypogynous FRUIT: Achene GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Forb LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 6 MONTH END- 10 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Unisexual -monoecious -dioecious BIOLOGIC COMMENTS: Plants usually monoecious, with staminte flowers above, pistillate ones below. ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Almost any inland water except with strong lime, alkali, or salts; rich soils of damp lowlands, mud flats, and water up to 1 1/2 ft. deep. A common and characteristic plant of the muddy, marshy edges of ponds and streams. Somewhat aggressive, forming solid stands in artificial waterways; tolerates polluted waters. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: DISTURBANCE INDICATOR: No SOIL CHEMISTRY INDICATOR: None GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS: GRAVEL No data entered SAND No data entered SANDY LOAM No data entered LOAM No data entered CLAY LOAM No data entered CLAY No data entered DENSE CLAY No data entered ORGANIC SOIL Good NEUTRAL pH No data entered ACIDIC SOIL No data entered EXTREMELY ACID No data entered SALINE SOIL Poor SODIC SOIL Poor SODIC-SALINE Poor ROCKY OUTCROPS No data entered GENTLE SLOPES Good MODERATE SLOPE Poor STEEP SLOPES Poor HABITAT: Emergent aquatic FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: EDIBLE: Yes HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS: Large starchy tubers edible after baking or boiling for about 1/2 hour- "wappeto" of natural Americans; related species cultivated in China. WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: Unknown UPLAND GAME VALUE: Unknown WATERFOWL VALUE: Good -Entire plant SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: Unknown SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Good -Entire plant FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: No data entered WILDLIFE COMMENTS: Marshbirds and shorebirds- food - seeds. Good food source for aquatic furbearers. LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: CATTLE FORAGE: No data SHEEP FORAGE: No data HORSE FORAGE: No data GOAT FORAGE: No data ENERGY VALUE: Low PROTEIN VALUE: Low POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK): No REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS: Easy SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good WEEDINESS: Non-weedy SEED AVAILABILITY: Fair PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: 11 PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Form tubers- planted at 1' intervals. REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and J. White. 1973. Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield. 32 pp., plus map. White, J., and M. H. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas inventory technical report. Vol. 1. Survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana. Gleason, H. A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 3 vols. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. Fernald, M. L., A. C. Kinsey, and R. C. Rollins. 1958. Edible wild plants of eastern North America. Harper and Brothers, New York. 452 pp. Medsger, O. P. 1939. Edible wild plants. MacMillan Company, New York. 323 pp. OTHER REFERENCES: END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Sagittaria latifolia ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015