ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Rudbeckia hirta
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    ASTERALES
 FAMILY:   ASTERACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Rudbeckia hirta
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    BLACK-EYED SUSAN
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: RUHI2
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         DRY
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
       FLOODPLAIN FOREST
         MESIC
       THICKETS
     PRAIRIE
       TYPICAL PRAIRIE
         DRY
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
     SAVANNA
       TYPICAL SAVANNA
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
     PRIMARY
       GLADE
         LIMESTONE
     CULTURAL
       AGRICULTURAL FIELD
         PASTURELAND
       SUCCESSIONAL FIELD
       DEVELOPED LAND
       RESTORATION
         PRAIRIE
 
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:
     CENTRAL
        Upland oak
           White/Black/Northern Red-  Oak
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           ALEXANDER       BOND            BOONE           BROWN
   BUREAU          CALHOUN         CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN
   CHRISTIAN       CLARK           CLAY            CLINTON         COLES
   COOK            CRAWFORD        CUMBERLAND      DEKALB          DEWITT
   DOUGLAS         DUPAGE          EDGAR           EDWARDS         EFFINGHAM
   FAYETTE         FORD            FRANKLIN        FULTON          GALLATIN
   GREENE          GRUNDY          HAMILTON        HANCOCK         HARDIN
   HENDERSON       HENRY           IROQUOIS        JACKSON         JASPER
   JEFFERSON       JERSEY          JO DAVIESS      JOHNSON         KANE
   KANKAKEE        KENDALL         KNOX            LAKE            LASALLE
   LAWRENCE        LEE             LIVINGSTON      LOGAN           MCDONOUGH
   MCHENRY         MCLEAN          MACON           MACOUPIN        MADISON
   MARION          MARSHALL        MASON           MASSAC          MENARD
   MERCER          MONROE          MONTGOMERY      MORGAN          MOULTRIE
   OGLE            PEORIA          PERRY           PIATT           PIKE
   POPE            PULASKI         PUTNAM          RANDOLPH        RICHLAND
   ROCK ISLAND     ST. CLAIR       SALINE          SANGAMON        SCHUYLER
   SCOTT           SHELBY          STARK           STEPHENSON      TAZEWELL
   UNION           VERMILION       WABASH          WARREN          WASHINGTON
   WAYNE           WHITE           WHITESIDE       WILL            WILLIAMSON
   WINNEBAGO       WOODFORD
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMY COMMENTS:
     This name includes both the uncommon native Illinois plant, and the more
     agressive and common plant which may have originated to the West.  This name
     includes Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt., Rudbeckia serotina Nutt., and Rudbeckia
     serotina var. lanceolata (Bisch.) Fern. and Schub.
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Entire
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Lanceolate   Ovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Head
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Incomplete  (no sepals)
    FLOWER COLOR:   Orange   Yellow
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Epigynous
    FRUIT:   Achene
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Lower leaves almost auriculate, top leaves without enlarged auricle-like base,
     but nearly sessile, hirsuti; a low-hemispherical disk, mostly dark purple or
     brown, rarely yellow; rays yellow, occasionally with white to cream tips. Pappus
     absent, elongate style appendages, subulate; herbage coarsely hirsute.
     Leaf venation may also be parallel.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Common
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial   Biennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      6         MONTH END-      9
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     SEX:      Perfect     Unisexual   -monoecious
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Disk flowers perfect and fertile; ray flowers neutral.
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Found in sandy black-oak woods, rocky prairies, river bottom meadows, eroded
     slopes, waste ground, roadsides, and railroads.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:  No data entered
 
     HABITAT:   Moist   Dry
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:    No data entered
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 LIVESTOCK COMMENTS:
     Suspected of poisoning cattle and hogs in Indiana.  Cattle showed symptoms of
     gastroenteritis; hogs-periods of coma or aimless wandering.
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS:  Easy
     SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL:  Good
 
     WEEDINESS:   Non-weedy
     SEED AVAILABILITY:   Good
 
 
 
 PROCUREMENT COMMENTS:
     2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 61.
 
 PROPAGATION COMMENTS:
         Form-seeds, plants.
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Anon.  1981.  Illinois plants for habitat restoration.  Illinois Department of
     Conservation, Mining Program.  Springfield, Illinois.  61 pp.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Kingsbury, J. M.  1964.  Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
     Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.  626 pp.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Rudbeckia hirta
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015