ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Rhus typhina
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    SAPINDALES
 FAMILY:   ANACARDIACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Rhus typhina
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    STAGHORN SUMAC
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: RHTY
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         DRY
       THICKETS
     SAVANNA
       BARREN
         DRY
     WETLAND
       BORDER OF LAKE
     CULTURAL
       DEVELOPED LAND
       RESTORATION
         FOREST
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   BOONE           CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN       COLES
   COOK            DUPAGE          EFFINGHAM       GRUNDY          HAMILTON
   HARDIN          IROQUOIS        JACKSON         JO DAVIESS      KANE
   KANKAKEE        KENDALL         LAKE            LASALLE         MCDONOUGH
   MCLEAN          MASON           PEORIA          SANGAMON        STEPHENSON
   WILL            WINNEBAGO
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-woody
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:    Compound  (pinnately)
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Lanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Panicle
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Yellow   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   DRUPE
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Species has orange-colored wood; branches and petioles densely velvety-hairy;
     drupes are red and densely hairy.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS:
     Species is occasional in northern half of the state, rare
     and apparently adventive in southern half.
 
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Tree   Shrub
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      6         MONTH END-      7
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect     Unisexual   -dioecious
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Species is polygamous, rarely dioecious.
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Species is distributed on ridges.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   BIRD   -internal     MAMMAL   -internal
 
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     LANDSCAPING:  YES     AMOUNT:   High
     WILD HERBS:   Culinary-flavor
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Fruits sometimes used to make an acid summer drink called "Indian lemonade."
     Bark and root bark are rich in tannic acid.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:
     FOOD VALUE:
         DEER VALUE:   -   Leaves   Stems   Buds
         UPLAND GAME VALUE:   -   Fruit
         WATERFOWL VALUE:  Unknown
         SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE:   -   Fruit
         SMALL MAMMAL VALUE:   -   Fruit
         AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE:  Unknown
         FISH VALUE:  Unknown
     COVER VALUE:
         DEER:     Poor
     WATERFOWL:    No data   SMALL MAMMAL:   No data
         FISH:     No data     SMALL BIRD:   No data   UPLAND GAME:    No data
         AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data
 
     WILDLIFE COMMENTS:
         Terrestrial furbearers-food-fruits; birds tend to regard the fruit as
         emergency food. Species is not an important cover species.
 
 
 LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA:
     CATTLE FORAGE: No data    SHEEP FORAGE:  No data    HORSE FORAGE:  No data
     GOAT FORAGE:   No data    ENERGY VALUE:  No data    PROTEIN VALUE: Low
     POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK):  No data entered
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS:  Easy
     LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL:  Good
     WEEDINESS:   Non-weedy
 
     SEED AVAILABILITY:   Good
     SEED BANK:   High
 
 
 PROCUREMENT COMMENTS:
     Seed company numbers: 2,7,14,19,20,28,29,30,32
 
 PROPAGATION COMMENTS:
         Form-balled and burlapped, seedlings, seeds.
 
 MANAGEMENT COMMENTS:
     Can rejuvenate clones by plowing, fire, cutting.
 
 GENERAL COMMENTS:
     Species planted for erosion control; is pioneer species.
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Anon.  1981.  Illinois plants for habitat restoration.  Illinois Department of
     Conservation, Mining Program.  Springfield, Illinois.  61 pp.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1980.  Forest trees of Illinois.  Third ed.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield.  331 pp.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
Gill, J. D. and W. M. Healy.  1974.  Shrubs and vines for northeastern
     wildlife.  USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-9.
Grimm, W. C.  1950.  The trees of Pennsylvania.  Stackpole and Heck, New York
     and Harrisburg.  363 pp.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Rhus typhina
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015