ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Prunus serotina CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: ROSALES FAMILY: ROSACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Prunus serotina AUTHORITY: Ehrh. COMMON NAMES: WILD BLACK CHERRY SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: PRSE2 NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST DRY DRY-MESIC MESIC PRIMARY GLADE LIMESTONE CULTURAL AGRICULTURAL FIELD FIELD DIVISION DEVELOPED LAND RESTORATION FOREST SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: CENTRAL Upland oak listed Chestnut oak White/Black/Northern Red- Oak Northern Red Oak Other Central Types listed Yellow Poplar Yellow Poplar/White Oak/Northern Red Oak Silver Maple - American Elm Sassafras - Persimmon NORTHERN Pine and Hemlock White pine - N. Red Oak - White Ash Northern Hardwoods listed Beech - Sugar Maple Other Northern types listed Northern Pin Oak NATURAL DIVISION: Rock River Hill Country Freeport Oregon listed Southern Till Plain Effingham Plain Mt. Vernon Hill Country listed Ozark Northern Central Southern listed Coastal Plain Bottomlands listed COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BOONE BROWN BUREAU CALHOUN CARROLL CASS CHAMPAIGN CHRISTIAN CLARK CLAY CLINTON COLES COOK CRAWFORD CUMBERLAND DEKALB DEWITT DOUGLAS DUPAGE EDGAR EDWARDS EFFINGHAM FAYETTE FORD FRANKLIN FULTON GALLATIN GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HARDIN HENDERSON HENRY IROQUOIS JACKSON JASPER JEFFERSON JERSEY JO DAVIESS JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL KNOX LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MERCER MONROE MONTGOMERY MORGAN MOULTRIE OGLE PEORIA PERRY PIATT PIKE POPE PULASKI PUTNAM RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCHUYLER SCOTT SHELBY STARK STEPHENSON TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WHITESIDE WILL WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Serrate LEAF VENATION: Pinnate LEAF SHAPE: Oblong Lanceolate Oblanceolate INFLORESCENCE: Raceme FLOWER MEROUS: 5 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Complete Regular FLOWER COLOR: White FLOWER PLACEMENT: Perigynous FRUIT: DRUPE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Leaf midrib is prominent beneath and often villous; fruit is dark purple or black, spherical; flowers appearing when leaves partly grown. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Tree LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 5 MONTH END- 6 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Perfect ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Species is distributed in wood margins; roadsides; waste ground. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: BIRD -internal MAMMAL -internal HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: EDIBLE: Yes SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Medium WILD HERBS: Medicinal HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS: Fruit is edible - juicy, fleshy, often used for wine and jelly; inner bark used medicinally as a tonic, sedative, and expectorant. WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: Good - Leaves Stems Buds UPLAND GAME VALUE: Good - Fruit Buds WATERFOWL VALUE: Unknown SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: Good - Fruit SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: Good - Fruit AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Good - Fruit Stems FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: DEER: No data WATERFOWL: No data SMALL MAMMAL: No data FISH: No data SMALL BIRD: Good UPLAND GAME: No data AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data WILDLIFE COMMENTS: Terrestrial furbearers eat fruit and bark as food; seeds are a favorite food of chipmunks and deer mice; chipmunks store large quatities for its winter food supply; fruit is especially eaten by ring-necked pheasant, evening grosbeaks, robins, starlings, cedar waxwings. Regarding aquatic species food value, this pertains to aquatic furbearers who also eat bark. LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: CATTLE FORAGE: No data SHEEP FORAGE: No data HORSE FORAGE: No data GOAT FORAGE: No data ENERGY VALUE: No data PROTEIN VALUE: No data POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK): Yes -minor LIVESTOCK COMMENTS: Leaves are poisonous. REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: WEEDINESS: COLONIZING SEED AVAILABILITY: Good PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: Seed company no. 2,4,13,15,20,22,28,29,33,39,52. PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Forms - whips, seeds, balled and burlapped. GENERAL COMMENTS: Wood is moderatley heavy, hard, strong, and close-grained. REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp. Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and J. White. 1973. Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield. 32 pp., plus map. Miller, R. B., and L. R. Tehon. 1929. The native and naturalized trees of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 18: 1-340. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Grimm, W. C. 1950. The trees of Pennsylvania. Stackpole and Heck, New York and Harrisburg. 363 pp. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Prunus serotina ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015