ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Penstemon grandiflorus
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    SCROPHULARIALES
 FAMILY:   SCROPHULARIACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Penstemon grandiflorus
 AUTHORITY:  Nutt.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    LARGE-FLOWERED BEARD TONGUE
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: PEGR7
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     PRAIRIE
       SAND PRAIRIE
         DRY
       DOLOMITE PRAIRIE
         DRY
 
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:
     NO
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Miss. and Ill. R. Sand Areas
        Mississippi River
 
 COUNTIES:
   HENDERSON       MCHENRY         WHITESIDE       WINNEBAGO
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite  Basal
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Entire
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Ovate     Obovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Raceme
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Irregular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Violet
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Leaves clasping or perfoliate;  glabrous
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 GEOGRAPHIC COMMENTS:
     Eastern range limit
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Endangered-ST
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Rare
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      5         MONTH END-      6
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Dolomite prairie nob in Winne. Co.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:  No data entered
 
     HABITAT:   Dry
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  High
 
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     WEEDINESS:   Non-weedy
 
 
 GENERAL COMMENTS:
     Easily grown from seed
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and
     J. White.  1973.  Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves
     System.  Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois.  Illinois Nature
     Preserves Commission, Springfield.  32 pp., plus map.
Porter, C. L.  1967.  Taxonomy of flowering plants.  W. H. Freeman and
     Company, San Francisco.  472 pp.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Sheviak, C. J.  1981.  Endangered and threatened plants.  Pages 70-179 in M.
     L. Bowles, V. E. Diersing, and J. E. Ebinger, eds., Endangered and
     threatened vertebrate animals and vascular plants of Illinois.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Springfield.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Penstemon grandiflorus
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015