ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Acer saccharum CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: SAPINDALES FAMILY: ACERACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Acer saccharum AUTHORITY: Marsh. COMMON NAMES: HARD MAPLE ROCK MAPLE SUGAR MAPLE SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: ACSA3 NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST MESIC SAND FOREST MESIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST MESIC LISTED DOMINANT WETLAND BORDER OF LAKE CULTURAL RESTORATION FOREST SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: CENTRAL Upland oak listed Chestnut oak White/Black/Northern Red- Oak Northern Red Oak Other Central Types listed Yellow Poplar Sassafras - Persimmon NORTHERN Pine and Hemlock listed White pine - N. Red Oak - White Ash Northern Hardwoods listed Sugar Maple-Basswood Sugar Maple Beech - Sugar Maple NATURAL DIVISION: Wisconsin Driftless listed Rock River Hill Country Freeport Oregon listed Northeastern Morainal Morainal Chicago Lake Plain Winnebago listed Grand Prairie Grand Prairie Springfield Western listed Western Forest Prairie Galesburg Carlinville listed Middle Mississippi Border Glaciated Driftless listed Southern Till Plain Effingham Plain Mt. Vernon Hill Country listed Wabash Border Southern Uplands Vermilion River listed Ozark Northern Southern listed Shawnee Hills Greater Shawnee Hills Lesser Shawnee Hills listed COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BOONE BROWN BUREAU CALHOUN CASS CHAMPAIGN CHRISTIAN CLARK CLAY CLINTON COLES COOK CRAWFORD CUMBERLAND DEKALB DEWITT DOUGLAS DUPAGE EDGAR EFFINGHAM FAYETTE FORD FRANKLIN FULTON GALLATIN GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HARDIN HENDERSON HENRY IROQUOIS JACKSON JASPER JERSEY JO DAVIESS JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL KNOX LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MONROE MOULTRIE OGLE PEORIA PERRY PIATT PIKE POPE PULASKI RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCHUYLER SCOTT SHELBY STARK STEPHENSON TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WHITESIDE WILL WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Serrate Lobed (palmately) LEAF VENATION: Palmate LEAF SHAPE: Ovate Orbicular Deltoid INFLORESCENCE: Umbel FLOWER MEROUS: 5 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Incomplete (no petals) FLOWER COLOR: Yellow Green FLOWER PLACEMENT: Perigynous FRUIT: Samara DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Flat leaves are nearly as broad or a little broader than long. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Tree LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 4 MONTH END- 5 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Perfect Unisexual -dioecious BIOLOGIC COMMENTS: Species may also be monoecious. ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Species is distributed on bluff escarpments; bluff bases; borders of limestone upland glades. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONS COMMENTS: Species usually grows on calcareous soils. FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: WIND MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT: INSECT HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: EDIBLE: Yes SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Low LANDSCAPING: YES AMOUNT: High HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS: Sap is used for maple sugar. WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: - Leaves Stems UPLAND GAME VALUE: - Fruit Stems Buds WATERFOWL VALUE: Unknown SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: - Fruit Flowers Buds SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: - Fruit AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: DEER: No data WATERFOWL: No data SMALL MAMMAL: No data FISH: No data SMALL BIRD: Good UPLAND GAME: No data AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data WILDLIFE COMMENTS: Terrestrial furbearers (especially squirrels) eat seeds, flowers, bark, twigs. This is a good den tree. Regarding small non-game bird food value, this pertains especially to evening grosbeaks. LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: No data entered REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS: Easy SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Poor LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good WEEDINESS: Non-weedy SEED AVAILABILITY: Good PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: Seed company numbers: 2,4,14,16,18,19,20,21,27,28,29,31,32,33,34,35,36,37, 38,40,52. PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Form - balled and burlapped, seedlings, whips, bare root. GENERAL COMMENTS: Wood is heavy, hard, and very close grained. REFERENCES: Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp. Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and J. White. 1973. Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield. 32 pp., plus map. White, J., and M. H. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas inventory technical report. Vol. 1. Survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Meeuse, B. J. D. 1961. The story of pollination. Ronald Press Company, New York. 243 pp. Grimm, W. C. 1950. The trees of Pennsylvania. Stackpole and Heck, New York and Harrisburg. 363 pp. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Acer saccharum ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015