ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Monarda punctata villicaulis
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    LAMIALES
 FAMILY:   LAMIACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Monarda punctata villicaulis
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    HORSEMINT
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: MOPUV
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       SAND FOREST
         DRY
     PRAIRIE
       SAND PRAIRIE
         DRY
       HILL PRAIRIE
         SAND
       LISTED
         CHARACTERISTIC
     SAVANNA
       SAND SAVANNA
         DRY
       LISTED
         CHARACTERISTIC
     PRIMARY
       LAKE SHORE
         FOREDUNE
     CULTURAL
       SUCCESSIONAL FIELD
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Grand Prairie
        Green River Lowland
        Kankakee Sand Area
        listed
     Miss. and Ill. R. Sand Areas
        Illinois River
        Mississippi River
        listed
 
 COUNTIES:
   CALHOUN         CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN       COOK
   DOUGLAS         FULTON          GREENE          HANCOCK         HENDERSON
   HENRY           IROQUOIS        JO DAVIESS      KANKAKEE        LAKE
   LASALLE         MCDONOUGH       MCLEAN          MACOUPIN        MADISON
   MASON           MENARD          MERCER          MORGAN          PIKE
   ROCK ISLAND     ST. CLAIR       SCHUYLER        SCOTT           WHITESIDE
   WILL
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Lanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Dischasium
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Irregular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Yellow
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Nut
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Stem villous or pilose; corolla purple-spotted.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS:
     Rare in southern half.
 
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial   Biennial   Annual
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      6         MONTH END-     10
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Found in sandy fields and black oak woods.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:
          GRAVEL         No data entered    SAND           Good
          SANDY LOAM     No data entered    LOAM           No data entered
          CLAY LOAM      No data entered    CLAY           No data entered
          DENSE CLAY     No data entered    ORGANIC SOIL   No data entered
          NEUTRAL pH     No data entered    ACIDIC SOIL    Good
          EXTREMELY ACID No data entered    SALINE SOIL    No data entered
          SODIC SOIL     No data entered    SODIC-SALINE   No data entered
          ROCKY OUTCROPS No data entered    GENTLE SLOPES  Good
          MODERATE SLOPE Good               STEEP SLOPES   Good
     HABITAT:   Dry
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  High
 
     WILD HERBS:   Medicinal
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Plant oils sometimes used as stimulants.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:    No data entered
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
White, J., and M. H. Madany.  1978.  Classification of natural communities in
     Illinois.  Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas
     inventory technical report.  Vol. 1.  Survey methods and results.
     Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Monarda punctata villicaulis
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015