ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Monarda fistulosa
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    LAMIALES
 FAMILY:   LAMIACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Monarda fistulosa
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    WILD BERGAMOT
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: MOFI
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       SAND FOREST
         DRY
       THICKETS
     PRAIRIE
       TYPICAL PRAIRIE
         DRY
     PRIMARY
       GLADE
         LIMESTONE
     CULTURAL
       SUCCESSIONAL FIELD
         ABANDONED FORAGELAND
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           ALEXANDER       BOND            BOONE           BROWN
   BUREAU          CALHOUN         CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN
   CHRISTIAN       CLARK           CLAY            CLINTON         COLES
   COOK            CRAWFORD        CUMBERLAND      DEKALB          DEWITT
   DOUGLAS         DUPAGE          EDGAR           EDWARDS         EFFINGHAM
   FAYETTE         FORD            FULTON          GALLATIN        GREENE
   GRUNDY          HAMILTON        HANCOCK         HARDIN          HENDERSON
   HENRY           IROQUOIS        JACKSON         JEFFERSON       JERSEY
   JO DAVIESS      JOHNSON         KANE            KANKAKEE        KENDALL
   KNOX            LAKE            LASALLE         LAWRENCE        LEE
   LIVINGSTON      LOGAN           MCDONOUGH       MCHENRY         MCLEAN
   MACON           MACOUPIN        MADISON         MARSHALL        MASON
   MASSAC          MENARD          MERCER          MONROE          MONTGOMERY
   MORGAN          MOULTRIE        OGLE            PEORIA          PERRY
   PIATT           PIKE            POPE            PUTNAM          RANDOLPH
   RICHLAND        ROCK ISLAND     ST. CLAIR       SALINE          SANGAMON
   SCHUYLER        SCOTT           SHELBY          STARK           STEPHENSON
   TAZEWELL        UNION           VERMILION       WABASH          WARREN
   WASHINGTON      WHITE           WHITESIDE       WILL            WILLIAMSON
   WINNEBAGO       WOODFORD
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMY COMMENTS:
     This is including var. mollis (L.) Benth.
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Lanceolate   Ovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Dischasium
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Irregular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Violet
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Nut
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Common
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      5         MONTH END-      8
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Species is distributed in sandy black oak woods; borders of
     rocky glades.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     EDIBLE:  Yes
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  High
 
     WILD HERBS:   Medicinal   Culinary-flavor
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Leaves are used for tea; plant is used as a stimulant.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     WEEDINESS:   COLONIZING
 
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Monarda fistulosa
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015