ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Ilex decidua
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    CELASTRALES
 FAMILY:   AQUIFOLIACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Ilex decidua
 AUTHORITY:  Walt.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    SWAMP HOLLY
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: ILDE
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         WET-MESIC
       FLOODPLAIN FOREST
         WET-MESIC
       THICKETS
     WETLAND
       SWAMP
       SEEP & SPRING
         ACID GRAVEL SEEP
       BORDER OF LAKE
     PRIMARY
       GLADE
         LIMESTONE
       BLUFF
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Coastal Plain
        Cretaceous Hills
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           ALEXANDER       BOND            CALHOUN         CASS
   CLAY            CLINTON         EDWARDS         EFFINGHAM       FAYETTE
   FRANKLIN        GALLATIN        GREENE          HAMILTON        HANCOCK
   HARDIN          JACKSON         JERSEY          JOHNSON         LAWRENCE
   MADISON         MASON           MASSAC          MONROE          MORGAN
   PERRY           PIKE            POPE            PULASKI         RANDOLPH
   RICHLAND        ST. CLAIR       SALINE          UNION           WABASH
   WASHINGTON      WAYNE           WHITE           WILLIAMSON
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-woody
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:   Alternate
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Crenate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblanceolate     Obovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Solitary- few   Other
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   DRUPE
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Plant has glabrous twigs; leaves are pubescent at least along midvein
     on lower surface, glabrous upper surface; flowers in small peduncled
     clusters; leaves are deciduous, thin; red drupes; leaves are
     clustered at the end of spur-like shoots; pistillate flowers solitary.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS:
     Species is rarer northward.
 
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Tree   Shrub
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      4         MONTH END-      5
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect     Unisexual   -dioecious
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Species is polygamodioecious.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:    No data entered
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  Low
 
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
     WILDLIFE COMMENTS:
         Fruit remains on tree during the winter.
 
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS:  Difficult
 
 
 REVEGATATION COMMENTS:
     Species is difficult to grow from seed.
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1980.  Forest trees of Illinois.  Third ed.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield.  331 pp.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Ilex decidua
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015