ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Acer rubrum CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: SAPINDALES FAMILY: ACERACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Acer rubrum AUTHORITY: L. COMMON NAMES: RED MAPLE SCARLET MAPLE SWAMP MAPLE SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: ACRU NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST MESIC WET-MESIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST MESIC WET-MESIC WET FLATWOODS SAND LISTED DOMINANT CHARACTERISTIC WETLAND SWAMP TYPICAL SWAMP BOG TALL SHRUB FORESTED SEEP & SPRING ACID GRAVEL SEEP PRIMARY BLUFF CULTURAL RESTORATION FOREST SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: CENTRAL Upland oak listed Chestnut oak White/Black/Northern Red- Oak White Oak Northern Red Oak Other Central Types listed Yellow Poplar River Birch - Sycamore NORTHERN Spruce-Fir listed Northern White Cedar Pine and Hemlock listed White pine - N. Red Oak - White Ash Northern Hardwoods listed Sugar Maple Other Northern types listed Northern Pin Oak Black Ash - American Elm - Red Maple BOREAL Boreal conifers listed Tamarack SOUTHERN Oak-Pine listed Shortleaf Pine-oak Bottomland listed Baldcypress Baldcypress - Water Tupelo Water Tupelo Cottonwood Sweetgum - Willow Oak Sugarberry - American Elm - Green Ash Black Willow Overcup Oak - Water Tupelo Other Southern types listed Sweetgum - Yellow poplar NATURAL DIVISION: Coastal Plain Cretaceous Hills COUNTIES: ALEXANDER BOND CLARK CLAY CLINTON COLES COOK CRAWFORD EDGAR EDWARDS FAYETTE FRANKLIN GALLATIN HAMILTON HARDIN JACKSON JASPER JEFFERSON JOHNSON LAKE LAWRENCE MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MARION MASSAC PERRY POPE PULASKI RANDOLPH RICHLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE UNION WABASH WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite LEAF TYPE: Simple LEAF MARGIN: Serrate Lobed (palmately) LEAF VENATION: Palmate LEAF SHAPE: Ovate Orbicular INFLORESCENCE: Umbel FLOWER MEROUS: 5 FLOWER STRUCTURE: Complete Regular FLOWER COLOR: Red Yellow FLOWER PLACEMENT: Perigynous FRUIT: Samara DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Flowers are born from dense clusters of lateral buds; leaves are white or gray and either smooth or hairy on the lower surface; nearly as broad as long; shallow lobes. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Tree LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 2 MONTH END- 4 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Perfect Unisexual -dioecious BIOLOGIC COMMENTS: Species may also be monoecious. ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS: Species is distributed in low woods; upland slopes; bluff tops; rocky woods. ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: WIND MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT: INSECT HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Low LANDSCAPING: YES AMOUNT: High WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: Good - Leaves Stems UPLAND GAME VALUE: Good - Fruit Stems Buds WATERFOWL VALUE: Unknown SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: Good - Fruit Flowers Buds SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: Good - Fruit AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: No data entered WILDLIFE COMMENTS: This pertains to terrestrial furbears (esp. squirrels) who eat seeds, flowers, bark, twigs. Concerning small non-game bird food value, this especially applies to evening grosbeaks. LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: No data entered REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS: Easy SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good WEEDINESS: Non-weedy SEED AVAILABILITY: Good PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: Seed company numbers: 2,14,16,18,19,21,24,27,28,29,31,32,33,34,35,36, 37,38,39,52. PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Form - seedlings, whips, balled & burlapped, bare root, seeds. GENERAL COMMENTS: Wood is moderately heavy, soft, and neither strong nor durable. REFERENCES: Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp. White, J., and M. H. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas inventory technical report. Vol. 1. Survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana. Miller, R. B., and L. R. Tehon. 1929. The native and naturalized trees of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 18: 1-340. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Meeuse, B. J. D. 1961. The story of pollination. Ronald Press Company, New York. 243 pp. Grimm, W. C. 1950. The trees of Pennsylvania. Stackpole and Heck, New York and Harrisburg. 363 pp. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Acer rubrum ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015