ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Fraxinus nigra
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    SCROPHULARIALES
 FAMILY:   OLEACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Fraxinus nigra
 AUTHORITY:  Marsh.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    BLACK ASH
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: FRNI
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         MESIC
         WET-MESIC
       FLOODPLAIN FOREST
         MESIC
         WET-MESIC
         WET
     WETLAND
       SWAMP
         TYPICAL SWAMP
       FEN
         FORESTED
       SEEP & SPRING
         TYPICAL SEEP
         SPRING COMMUNITY
       LISTED
         DOMINANT
 
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:
     NORTHERN
        Spruce-Fir
           listed
           Northern White Cedar
       Northern Hardwoods
           listed
           Sugar Maple
       Other Northern types
           listed
           Black Ash - American Elm - Red Maple
     BOREAL
        Boreal conifers
        listed
        Tamarack
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Upper Miss. and Ill. R. Bottomlands
        Illinois River
        listed
 
 COUNTIES:
   BOONE           CALHOUN         CASS            COOK            DEKALB
   DUPAGE          FAYETTE         GRUNDY          HENRY           JERSEY
   JO DAVIESS      KANE            KENDALL         LAKE            LASALLE
   LAWRENCE        MCHENRY         MARSHALL        MERCER          PEORIA
   ROCK ISLAND     SANGAMON        STEPHENSON      TAZEWELL        VERMILION
   WABASH          WILL
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-woody
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite
    LEAF TYPE:    Compound  (pinnately)
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Oblong   Lanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Panicle
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Incomplete  (no petals)
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Samara
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Leaflets are stalkless.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Tree
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      5         MONTH END-      6
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect     Unisexual   -dioecious
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Species is distributed in calcareous, springy slopes.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:   No data entered
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   WIND
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   Wind
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     ALLERGENIC:  Yes
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  Low
 
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     Causes hayfever.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:
     FOOD VALUE:
         DEER VALUE:  Unknown
         UPLAND GAME VALUE:  Unknown
         WATERFOWL VALUE:  Unknown
         SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE:   -   Fruit
         SMALL MAMMAL VALUE:  Unknown
         AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE:  Unknown
         FISH VALUE:  Unknown
     COVER VALUE:
         DEER:     No data     WATERFOWL:    No data   SMALL MAMMAL:   No data
         FISH:     No data     SMALL BIRD:    Good      UPLAND GAME:    No data
         AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data
 
 LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA:  No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     WEEDINESS:   COLONIZING
 
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Eyre, F. H., ed.  1980.  Forest cover types of the United States and Canada.
     Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp.
Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and
     J. White.  1973.  Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves
     System.  Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois.  Illinois Nature
     Preserves Commission, Springfield.  32 pp., plus map.
White, J., and M. H. Madany.  1978.  Classification of natural communities in
     Illinois.  Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas
     inventory technical report.  Vol. 1.  Survey methods and results.
     Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana.
Miller, R. B., and L. R. Tehon.  1929.  The native and naturalized trees of
     Illinois.  Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 18: 1-340.
Mohlenbrock, R. H.  1980.  Forest trees of Illinois.  Third ed.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield.  331 pp.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
Grimm, W. C.  1950.  The trees of Pennsylvania.  Stackpole and Heck, New York
     and Harrisburg.  363 pp.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Fraxinus nigra
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015