ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Fraxinus americana CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: SCROPHULARIALES FAMILY: OLEACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Fraxinus americana AUTHORITY: L. COMMON NAMES: WHITE ASH SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: FRAM2 NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST MESIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST MESIC LISTED CHARACTERISTIC WETLAND SEEP & SPRING ACID GRAVEL SEEP PRIMARY GLADE LIMESTONE CULTURAL RESTORATION FOREST SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: CENTRAL Upland oak listed Bur oak White/Black/Northern Red- Oak White Oak Northern Red Oak Other Central Types listed Yellow Poplar/White Oak/Northern Red Oak NORTHERN Pine and Hemlock listed White pine - N. Red Oak - White Ash Northern Hardwoods listed Sugar Maple-Basswood Beech - Sugar Maple SOUTHERN Bottomland listed Cottonwood Swamp Chestnut Oak - Cherrybark Oak NATURAL DIVISION: Northeastern Morainal Morainal Chicago Lake Plain Winnebago listed Grand Prairie Grand Prairie Springfield Western listed Southern Till Plain Effingham Plain Mt. Vernon Hill Country listed Shawnee Hills Greater Shawnee Hills Lesser Shawnee Hills listed Coastal Plain Cretaceous Hills COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BOONE BROWN CALHOUN CARROLL CASS CHAMPAIGN CHRISTIAN CLARK CLAY CLINTON COLES COOK CRAWFORD CUMBERLAND DEKALB DEWITT DOUGLAS DUPAGE EDGAR EDWARDS EFFINGHAM FAYETTE FORD FRANKLIN FULTON GALLATIN GREENE GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HARDIN IROQUOIS JACKSON JASPER JEFFERSON JERSEY JO DAVIESS JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL KNOX LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MONROE MONTGOMERY MORGAN MOULTRIE OGLE PEORIA PERRY PIATT PIKE POPE PULASKI PUTNAM RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCHUYLER SCOTT SHELBY STARK STEPHENSON TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WHITE WILL WILLIAMSON WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite LEAF TYPE: Compound (pinnately) LEAF MARGIN: Crenate LEAF VENATION: Pinnate LEAF SHAPE: Ovate INFLORESCENCE: Panicle FLOWER STRUCTURE: Incomplete (no petals) FLOWER COLOR: Violet FLOWER PLACEMENT: Hypogynous FRUIT: Samara DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Branchlets and petioles glabrous; lower leaf surface pale and sometimes hairy; wing does not extend beyond seed. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Common ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Tree LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 4 MONTH END- 5 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Unisexual -dioecious ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: WIND MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT: Wind MYCORRHIZAE: endomycorrhizal ectomycorrhizal HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: ALLERGENIC: Yes SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Low LANDSCAPING: YES AMOUNT: High HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS: Causes hayfever WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: - Leaves Stems Buds UPLAND GAME VALUE: - Fruit WATERFOWL VALUE: - Fruit SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: - Fruit SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: - Fruit AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: - Fruit Stems FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: DEER: No data WATERFOWL: No data SMALL MAMMAL: No data FISH: No data SMALL BIRD: Good UPLAND GAME: No data AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data WILDLIFE COMMENTS: Regarding waterfowl food value, this pertains especially to woodducks. Regarding aquatic species food value, this pertains to aquatic furbearers (especially beaver). LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: No data entered REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS: Easy SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Poor LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL: Good WEEDINESS: Non-weedy SEED AVAILABILITY: Good MANAGEMENT-DETRIMENTAL: Fire PROCUREMENT COMMENTS: Seed company numbers: 2,14,16,18,19,20,21,23,24,26,27,28,29,39,40,52. PROPAGATION COMMENTS: Plant form - whips, bare root, balled and burlapped, seedlings, seeds. REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Anon. 1981. Illinois plants for habitat restoration. Illinois Department of Conservation, Mining Program. Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp. Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and J. White. 1973. Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield. 32 pp., plus map. White, J., and M. H. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas inventory technical report. Vol. 1. Survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Grimm, W. C. 1950. The trees of Pennsylvania. Stackpole and Heck, New York and Harrisburg. 363 pp. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Fraxinus americana ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015