ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Euonymus americanus
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    CELASTRALES
 FAMILY:   CELASTRACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Euonymus americanus
 AUTHORITY:  L.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    STRAWBERRY BUSH
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: EUAM
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         MESIC
       FLOODPLAIN FOREST
         MESIC
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:
     Shawnee Hills
        Greater Shawnee Hills
     Coastal Plain
        Bottomlands
 
 COUNTIES:
   HARDIN          JACKSON         JOHNSON         MASSAC          PULASKI
   VERMILION       WABASH
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-woody
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF ARRANGEMENT:     Opposite
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Serrate
    LEAF VENATION:  Pinnate
    LEAF SHAPE:     Lanceolate   Ovate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Dischasium  Solitary- few
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete   Regular
    FLOWER COLOR:   Violet
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Hypogynous
    FRUIT:   Capsule
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     When young may have sprawling or trailing branches.  Leaves almost sessile.
     Fruit crimson; seeds with a scarlet aril.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 GEOGRAPHIC COMMENTS:
     Northern range limit.
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Threatened-ST
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Uncommon
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Shrub
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Sexual
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      5         MONTH END-      6
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     C02 FIXATION:  C3
     SEX:      Perfect
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:  No data entered
 
     HABITAT:   Moist
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS:   BIRD
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT   bee   fly
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:    No data entered
 
 HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS:
     The leaves, bark, and fruit are suspected to be poisonous.
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:
     FOOD VALUE:  No data entered
     COVER VALUE:  No data entered
 
 LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA:
     CATTLE FORAGE: No data    SHEEP FORAGE:  No data    HORSE FORAGE:  No data
     GOAT FORAGE:   No data    ENERGY VALUE:  No data    PROTEIN VALUE: No data
     POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK):   Suspect
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS:  Easy
 
 
 PROPAGATION COMMENTS:
         Easily propagated from seed.
 
 GENERAL COMMENTS:
     Excellent ornamental shrub.
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Jones, G. N.  1963.  Flora of Illinois.  Third ed.  American Midland Naturalist
     Monograph 7.  University of Notre Dame, Indiana.  401 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist.  1963.  Manual of vascular plants of north-
     eastern United States and adjacent Canada.  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
     New York.  810 pp.
Fernald, M. L.  1950.  Gray's manual of botany.  8th ed.  American Book Co.,
     New York.  1632 pp.
Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and
     J. White.  1973.  Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves
     System.  Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois.  Illinois Nature
     Preserves Commission, Springfield.  32 pp., plus map.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
Sheviak, C. J.  1981.  Endangered and threatened plants.  Pages 70-179 in M.
     L. Bowles, V. E. Diersing, and J. E. Ebinger, eds., Endangered and
     threatened vertebrate animals and vascular plants of Illinois.  Illinois
     Department of Conservation, Springfield.
Downton, W. J. S.  1975.  The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants.
     Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105.
 
 OTHER REFERENCES:
     Brizicky, G. K.  1964.  The genera of Celastrales in the southeastern United
          States.  Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 45: 206-234.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Euonymus americanus
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015