ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK
 
 ILPIN INFORMATION ON    Echinacea pallida
 
 
 CLASS:    DICOTYLEDENAE
 ORDER:    ASTERALES
 FAMILY:   ASTERACEAE
 SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Echinacea pallida
 AUTHORITY:  (Nutt.) Nutt.
 
 COMMON NAMES:
    PALE PURPLE CONEFLOWER
 
 SYNONOMY:   None
 
 PLANTS CODE: ECPA
 
 NATURAL COMMUNITIES:
     FOREST
       UPLAND FOREST
         DRY
         DRY-MESIC
     PRAIRIE
       TYPICAL PRAIRIE
         DRY
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
       LISTED
         CHARACTERISTIC
     SAVANNA
       TYPICAL SAVANNA
         DRY-MESIC
         MESIC
     PRIMARY
       GLADE
         LIMESTONE
       LISTED
         CHARACTERISTIC
     CULTURAL
       SUCCESSIONAL FIELD
       DEVELOPED LAND
       RESTORATION
         PRAIRIE
 
 SAF FOREST COVER TYPE:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 NATURAL DIVISION:  UNAVAILABLE
 
 COUNTIES:
   ADAMS           BOONE           BROWN           BUREAU          CALHOUN
   CARROLL         CASS            CHAMPAIGN       CHRISTIAN       CLARK
   COLES           COOK            CRAWFORD        DEKALB          DEWITT
   DOUGLAS         DUPAGE          EDGAR           FORD            FULTON
   GREENE          GRUNDY          HANCOCK         HARDIN          HENDERSON
   HENRY           IROQUOIS        JERSEY          JO DAVIESS      JOHNSON
   KANE            KANKAKEE        KENDALL         KNOX            LAKE
   LASALLE         LEE             LIVINGSTON      LOGAN           MCDONOUGH
   MCHENRY         MCLEAN          MACON           MACOUPIN        MADISON
   MARION          MARSHALL        MASON           MENARD          MERCER
   MONROE          MONTGOMERY      MORGAN          MOULTRIE        OGLE
   PEORIA          PIATT           PIKE            POPE            PUTNAM
   RANDOLPH        RICHLAND        ROCK ISLAND     ST. CLAIR       SANGAMON
   SCOTT           SHELBY          STARK           STEPHENSON      TAZEWELL
   UNION           VERMILION       WARREN          WASHINGTON      WHITESIDE
   WILL            WINNEBAGO
 
 GROWTH FORM:  Dicot-herb
 
 TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
    ROOTS:  Primary
    LEAF TYPE:   Simple
    LEAF MARGIN:   Entire
    LEAF VENATION:  Parallel
    LEAF SHAPE:     Linear   Oblong   Lanceolate
    INFLORESCENCE:   Head
    FLOWER MEROUS:  5
    FLOWER STRUCTURE:   Complete
    FLOWER COLOR:   Red   Violet   White
    FLOWER PLACEMENT:  Epigynous
    FRUIT:   Achene
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS:
     Broad flat receptacle.  May also have pinnate venation.
     Hairs on stems and leaves slender, rays 4-9 cm long, and strongly reflexed.
 
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION:
     ORIGIN:   Native
 
 POPULATION DYNAMICS:
     STATE STATUS: Not listed
     FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed
     COMMONNESS:  Occasional
     ENDEMIC:   NOT-ENDEMIC
 
 BIOLOGIC:
     HABIT:   Forb
     LIFE CYCLE:   Perennial
     REPRODUCTION:   Vegetative
     FLOWERING PERIOD:
         MONTH BEGINNING-      7         MONTH END-      8
     TROPHIC STATUS:  Autotrophic
     SEX:      Perfect     Unisexual   -monoecious
 
 BIOLOGIC COMMENTS:
     Disk florets perfect and fertile; ray florets sterile or with rudimentary style.
 
 ECODISTRIBUTION COMMENTS:
     Fields along railroads, rarely in dry, rocky woods.
 
 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     GROWTH OF SPECIES IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS:
          GRAVEL         No data entered    SAND           No data entered
          SANDY LOAM     No data entered    LOAM           No data entered
          CLAY LOAM      No data entered    CLAY           No data entered
          DENSE CLAY     No data entered    ORGANIC SOIL   No data entered
          NEUTRAL pH     No data entered    ACIDIC SOIL    No data entered
          EXTREMELY ACID No data entered    SALINE SOIL    No data entered
          SODIC SOIL     No data entered    SODIC-SALINE   No data entered
          ROCKY OUTCROPS Good               GENTLE SLOPES  Good
          MODERATE SLOPE Good               STEEP SLOPES   Good
     HABITAT:   Moist   Dry
 
 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
     MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT:   INSECT
 
 HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA:
     SHOWY FLOWERS:  YES      AMOUNT:  High
 
 
 WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION:   No data entered
 
 REVEGETATION PLANTINGS:
     ESTABLISHMENT REQUIREMENTS:  Easy
     SHORT-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL:  Good
 
     LONG-TERM REVEGETATION POTENTIAL:  Good
     SEED AVAILABILITY:   Good
 
 
 PROCUREMENT COMMENTS:
     2, 5, 6, 61.
 
 PROPAGATION COMMENTS:
         Form-seeds, plants.
 
 
 REFERENCES:
Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed.  1975.  Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois.
     Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.  494 pp.
Steyermark, J. A.  1963.  Flora of Missouri.  Iowa State University Press, Ames.
     1725 pp.
Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm.  1979.  Plants of the Chicago region.  Third ed.
     The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois.  922 pp.
Anon.  1981.  Illinois plants for habitat restoration.  Illinois Department of
     Conservation, Mining Program.  Springfield, Illinois.  61 pp.
White, J., and M. H. Madany.  1978.  Classification of natural communities in
     Illinois.  Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas
     inventory technical report.  Vol. 1.  Survey methods and results.
     Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana.
Gleason, H. A.  1952.  The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the
     northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.  3 vols.  The New York
     Botanical Garden, New York.
 
 END OF DATA FOR SPECIES  Echinacea pallida
 
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 ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes
 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
     *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015