FOREST VEGETATION SIMULATOR BULLETIN Issued By: USDA FOREST SERVICE WASHINGTON OFFICE DETACHED FORT COLLINS, COLORADO BULLETIN NO: 720 DATE: 04/02/12 VARIANT(S): ALL MAIN TOPICS: 1) EXPANSION OF VARIANT SPECIES LIST (EC) 2) CROWN WIDTH CALCULATIONS (BM, CA, EC, IE, NC, AND SO) 3) SPROUT HEIGHT CALCULATIONS (ALL) 4) NUMBER OF ASPEN STUMP SPROUTS UPDATE (BM, CS, LS, NE, SO, AND WS) 5) NUMBER OF ASPEN STUMP SPROUTS CORRECTION (CI) 6) NUMBER OF PACIFIC YEW STUMP SPROUTS (PN, SO, AND WC) 7) LOGIC FOR FULL STUMP SPROUT LIST (CA, CR, TT, UT, PN, AND WC) 8) NEW ACORNS EVENT MONITOR FUNCTION (ALL) 9) OUTPUT FORMAT CORRECTIONS (SN) 10) FIA AND PLANTS CODES (CS, LS, NE, and PN) 11) SITE INDEX DUBBING (BM) 12) SMALL TREE (<3.0") DBH CYCLE LENGTH SCALING CORRECTION (ALL) 13) DIAMETER GROWTH WEIGHTING CORRECTION (CA, CS, LS, NE, AND SO) 14) SCALING VARIABLE CORRECTIONS (IE AND SO) 15) SMALL TREE DIAMETER GROWTH MULTIPLIER AND BARK ADJUSTMENT (CS, LS, AND NE) 16) DEFAULT CODE FOR UNKNOWN SPECIES CORRECTION (WS) 17) DEFAULT STUMP SPROUTING CORRECTION (CI) 18) WHITE OAK SPROUT HEIGHT CORRECTION (PN AND WC) 19) METRIC CLIMATE-FVS EXTENSION (CR) 1) EC variant: The East Cascades variant has been expanded from 10 individual species and 1 "other" species group for all additional species, to 30 individual species and 2 species groups including other softwoods and other hardwoods. Species now contained in this variant are: FVS Species Alpha FIA Plants Number Common Name Code Code Symbol Scientific Name ------- ------------------------- ----- ---- ------ ------------------------------------ 1 WESTERN WHITE PINE WP 119 PIMO3 PINUS MONTICOLA 2 WESTERN LARCH WL 73 LAOC LARIX OCCIDENTALIS 3 DOUGLAS-FIR DF 202 PSME PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII 4 PACIFIC SILVER FIR SF 11 ABAM ABIES AMABILIS 5 WESTERN REDCEDAR RC 242 THPL THUJA PLICATA 6 GRAND FIR GF 17 ABGR ABIES GRANDIS 7 LODGEPOLE PINE LP 108 PICO PINUS CONTORTA 8 ENGELMANN SPRUCE ES 93 PIEN PICEA ENGELMANNII 9 SUBALPINE FIR AF 19 ABLA ABIES LASIOCARPA 10 PONDEROSA PINE PP 122 PIPO PINUS PONDEROSA 11 WESTERN HEMLOCK WH 263 TSHE TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA 12 MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK MH 264 TSME TSUGA MERTENSIANA 13 PACIFIC YEW PY 231 TABR2 TAXUS BREVIFOLIA 14 WHITEBARK PINE WB 101 PIAL PINUS ALBICAULIS 15 NOBLE FIR NF 22 ABPR ABIES PROCERA 16 WHITE FIR WF 15 ABCO ABIES CONCOLOR 17 SUBALPINE LARCH LL 72 LALY LARIX LYALLII 18 ALASKA CEDAR YC 42 CHNO CHAMAECYPARIS NOOTKATENSIS 19 WESTERN JUNIPER WJ 64 JUOC JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS 20 BIGLEAF MAPLE BM 312 ACMA3 ACER MACROPHYLLUM 21 VINE MAPLE VN 324 ACCI ACER CIRCINATUM 22 RED ALDER RA 351 ALRU2 ALNUS RUBRA 23 PAPER BIRCH PB 375 BEPA BETULA PAPYRIFERA 24 GOLDEN CHINKAPIN GC 431 CHCH7 CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA 25 PACIFIC DOGWOOD DG 492 CONU4 CORNUS NUTTALLII 26 QUAKING ASPEN AS 746 POTR5 POPULUS TREMULOIDES 27 BLACK COTTONWOOD CW 747 POBAT POPULUS BALSAMIFERA var. TRICHOCARPA 28 OREGON WHITE OAK WO 815 QUGA4 QUERCUS GARRYANA 29 CHERRY AND PLUM SPECIES PL 760 PRUNU PRUNUS sp. 30 WILLOW SPECIES WI 920 SALIX SALIX sp. 31 OTHER SOFTWOODS OS 298 2TE 32 OTHER HARDWOODS OH 998 2TD New species are modeled using existing growth equations from species in the EC and WC variants. The Insect and Pathogen extensions have been updated to include the new species in the EC variant. Insect and Pathogen Extensions Available in the EC Variant ---------------------------------------------------------- Douglas-fir Beetle Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Dwarf Mistletoe Lodgepole Mountain Pine Beetle Western Root Disease General Defoliation Model The Dwarf Mistletoe model host species represented in the EC variant are listed below and those not in the list are considered non-host to dwarf mistletoe. FVS Species Alpha Number Common Name Code ------- ------------------------- ----- 1 WESTERN WHITE PINE WP 2 WESTERN LARCH WL 3 DOUGLAS-FIR DF 4 PACIFIC SILVER FIR SF 6 GRAND FIR GF 7 LODGEPOLE PINE LP 9 SUBALPINE FIR AF 10 PONDEROSA PINE PP 11 WESTERN HEMLOCK WH 12 MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK MH 15 NOBLE FIR NF 16 WHITE FIR WF The Western Root Disease Model P-type and S-type annosus host species representations in the EC variant are listed below. ------FVS EC VARIANT------- WRD MODEL SPECIES ANNOSUS # CD COMMON NAME OR SURROGATE SP. TYPE -- -- --------------------- --------------------- -------- 1 WP WESTERN WHITE PINE WHITE PINE (1) P-TYPE 2 WL WESTERN LARCH WESTERN LARCH (2) S-TYPE 3 DF DOUGLAS-FIR DOUGLAS-FIR (3) S-TYPE 4 SF PACIFIC SILVER FIR P. SILVER FIR (16) S-TYPE 5 RC WESTERN REDCEDAR W. REDCEDAR (6) S-TYPE 6 GF GRAND FIR GRAND FIR (4) S-TYPE 7 LP LODGEPOLE PINE LODGEPOLE PINE (7) P-TYPE 8 ES ENGLEMAN SPRUCE ENGELMANN SPRUCE (8) S-TYPE 9 AF SUBALPINE FIR SUBALPINE FIR (9) S-TYPE 10 PP PONDEROSA PINE PONDEROSA PINE (10) P-TYPE 11 WH WESTERN HEMLOCK WESTERN HEMLOCK (5) S-TYPE 12 MH MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK (11) S-TYPE 13 PY PACIFIC YEW PACIFIC YEW (38) P-TYPE 14 WB WHITEBARK PINE WHITEBARK PINE (22) P-TYPE 15 NF NOBLE FIR NOBLE FIR (39) S-TYPE 16 WF WHITE FIR WHITE FIR (13) S-TYPE 17 LL SUBALPINE LARCH SUBALPINE LARCH (36) S-TYPE 18 YC ALASKA CEDAR YELLOW CEDAR (34) S-TYPE 19 WJ WESTERN JUNIPER JUNIPER (26) P-TYPE 20 BM BIGLEAF MAPLE NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 21 VN VINE MAPLE NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 22 RA RED ALDER NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 23 PB PAPER BIRCH NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 24 GC GOLDEN CHINKAPIN NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 25 DG PACIFIC DOGWOOD NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 26 AS QUAKING ASPEN ASPEN (19) NON-HOST 27 CW BLACK COTTONWOOD NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 28 WO OREGON WHITE OAK NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 29 PL CHERRY AND PLUM SPECIES NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 30 WI WILLOW SPECIES NON-HOST (40) NON-HOST 31 OS OTHER SOFTWOODS OTHER SOFTWOOD (17) P-TYPE 32 OH OTHER HARDWOODS OTHER HARDWOOD (18) NON-HOST Within the Western Root Disease Model, tree species are assigned to a specific annosus root disease type (P-type or S-type) or non-host. Both P-type and S-type annosus use the same default disease charactersitics parameters but due to the tree-species specificity of P-type and S-type, they are maintained, modeled and reported seperately by the WRD model. All tree species represented in the root disease model are considered host to armillaria and phellinus. A category of non-host to disease is not maintained for armillaria and phellinus. The degree to which a tree species is susceptible or affected by either disease is reflected in the disease characteristic parameters assigned. 2) R6 forests: Some species use surrogate Crookston equations to calculate crown width.The BF adjustment for these species was not being correctly mapped in all cases. This has been corrected. Affected species are: BM variant: other softwoods (OS) on the Umatilla NF CA variant: Coulter pine (CP) on the Siskiyou NF EC variant: other softwoods (OS) on the Mount Baker - Snoqualmie, Okanogan (Tonasket RD), and Wenatchee NF's IE variant: other softwoods (OS) on the Colville NF NC variant: other conifers (OC) on the Siskiyou NF SO variant: other softwoods (OS) on the Deschutes, Fremont, and Winema NF's 3) ALL variants: The equation predicting sprout height has now been updated for all sprouting species in all variants. The equation is now a function of both sprout age and species site index; the previous equation was only a function of sprout age in most cases. Refer to the Variant Overview document for a list of sprouting species. 4) BM, CS, LS, NE, SO, and WS variants: Stump sprouting for quaking aspen was not being handled consistently across all variants. The FMSC has updated equations predicting the number of aspen sprouts when aspen get cut. These equations were not being used in the BM, CS, LS, NE, SO, or WS variants. Equations predicting the number of aspen sprouts has now been updated in these five variants. 5) CI variant: The updated aspen sprouting equations were in use, but two of the variables used in these equations were not being computed correctly. This has been corrected. 6) PN, SO, and WC variants: The number of sprout records for Pacific yew was changed from 2 to 1. 7) CA, CR, TT, UT, PN, and WC variants: Logic for handling stump sprouts when the stump list was full has been updated. 8) ALL variants: The new Event Monitor function, ACORNS(a,b), returns the number or biomass of acorns per acre from the specified oak species as described by Rose et al. (2011). Acorns are assumed to come from dominant and co-dominant trees with DBH 5 inches or greater. A tree is considered dominant or co-dominant if it is at least as tall as the 60th percentile tree in the height distribution. This function is applicable to the central and southern Appalachian mountains and possibly throughout the eastern US where these species occur. Argument 1: Code indicating which value to return, as follows: 1 = number of acorns per acre 2 = tons of acorns per acre Argument 2: Species code (species alpha code, species sequence number, species group name, or species group sequence number). Only trees of the specified species or species group that are also in the list of recognized oak species below will be included. Any species not in the recognized list are ignored. Code a zero (or All) to include all of the recognized oak species shown below. Recognized Oak Species BO = black oak CO = chestnut oak RO = northern red oak SO = scarlet oak WO = white oak Rose, Anita K.; Greenberg, Cathryn H.; Fearer, Todd M. 2011. Acorn production prediction models for five common oak species of the eastern United States. The Journal of Wildlife management. 9999:1-9; DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.291 9) SN variant: When FIA codes are present in the input tree data, FVS writes the Alpha Species - FIA Code Cross Reference Table in the main output file. The SN variant was writing this table even if there were no FIA codes present in the input data. This has been corrected. The table headings that are used in the screen echo of the Summary Statistics Table was changed from the western style headings to the eastern style headings. 10) CS, LS, NE, and PN variants: Dashes used in the FVS code to represent certain missing species codes were causing processing problems for some compilers. To correct this, the dashes were changed to spaces. 11) BM variant: During site index dubbing, the quaking aspen site index should have been set to base age 80, breast height age basis. It was being set to a base age 100, total age basis. This has been corrected. 12) ALL variants: When the cycle length was not 10-years, diameter growth for trees less than 3.0" dbh was being incorrectly scaled to the cycle length. This problem has been fixed. 13) CA, CS, LS, NE, and SO variants: A blending of estimated small tree diameter growth with estimated large tree diameter growth occurs over a diameter range to ensure a smoother transition between the two submodels. Small tree diameter growth was not being scaled to the same time basis as the large tree diameter growth before this weighting occurred. This problem has been fixed. 14) IE and SO variants: Scaling variables were not being used correctly for some species. This problem has been corrected. 15) CS, LS, and NE variants: The small tree diameter growth multiplier and bark ratio adjustment were being applied twice. These problems have been fixed. 16) WS variant: When an input species code is unknown to FVS the variant assigns a default code. When the WS variant was expanded to 43 species last May (see FVS Update Bulletin No. 717) this default species was not reset. This has been corrected. 17) CI variant: When the species list for the CI variant was expanded to 19 species last February (see FVS Update Bulletin No. 715) the automatic stump sprouting algorithm was turned off. This has been corrected. 18) PN and WC variants: The initial height of white oak sprouts was excessive. This has been corrected. A numerical error was possible if Oregon white oak was specified as the only site species/site index. This has been corrected. There is no known site curve for Oregon white oak. If it is used as a site species, the King's Douglas-fir site index (base age 50) curve will be used to approximate the site index for other species in the simulation, and for further processing in the growth equations. See the variant overview for details. 19) CR variant: The Climate extension was linked to the metric version of the Central Rockies variant. The volume killed field in the database version of the metric FFE Mortality Report was corrected. RESULT/IMPACT: All users should obtain new executables. Projections for the original individual EC species (WP, WL, DF, SF, RC, GF, LP, ES, AF, and PP) will be different, for most forests, due to changes in small tree height growth. Projections for the Other (OT) species grouping will be different due to this grouping now being split into other softwoods (OS) and other hardwoods (OH). The OS grouping uses the original OT grouping equations for tree growth but different Curtis-Arney ht-dbh functions used in dubbing heights missing in the input data and in small tree height growth. The OH grouping uses quaking aspen equations from the WC variant for tree growth and other hardwoods Curtis-Arney ht-dbh functions. Users of the BM, CA, EC (11 species version), IE, NC, and SO variants will notice that crown width estimates will be different for the species and forests shown in number (2) above, but this does not affect growth. There will be differences in the number of aspen sprouts, when aspen is cut, in the BM, CI, CS, LS, NE, SO, and WS variants. There will be differences in sprout heights for the hardwood species and variants listed in description (3) above. There will be differences in number of sprout records in runs where Pacific yew is cut in the PN, SO, and WC variants. Users have the ability to calculate acorn production. A potential numerical error was avoided in the PN and WC variants. Results for runs containing trees less than 3.0" dbh will be different. Simulations having species unknown to the WS variant will be changed. The Alpha Species - FIA Code Cross Reference Table will not be written by default in the Southern variant. The screen echo of the Summary Statistics Table will show eastern-style table headers. The CI variant will create stump sprouts by default. Getting executables: PC download from WWW at http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/fvs/software/varfiles.php If needed, download Suppose software from the WWW at http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/fvs/software/suppose.php FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Region Person Phone number Lotus Notes Address 1 Renate Bush 406-329-3107 renatebush@fs.fed.us 2 Jim Thinnes 303-275-5016 jthinnes@fs.fed.us 3 Jerry Simon 505-842-3118 jsimon@fs.fed.us 4 Julia Richardson 801-625-5220 jhrichardson@fs.fed.us 5 Joe Sherlock 707-562-8686 jsherlock@fs.fed.us 6 Eric Watrud 503-808-2668 ewatrud@fs.fed.us 8 Richard Shelfer 404-347-7475 rshelfer@fs.fed.us 9 Colleen Grundy 414-297-1898 cgrundy@fs.fed.us 10 Sheila Spores 907-228-6333 sspores@fs.fed.us Forest Management Service Center http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/fvs/index.php Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/insect_pathogen.shtml