INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
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The workshop emerged from our common need to rapidly accelerate the rate at which we apply the current state of scientific knowledge to routine use in resource management. It is our intent to overcome the usual development lag of 10 to 15 years between a scientific discovery and its application. The goal of the workshop is to organize the existing information necessary to describe the foundation for a sound ecological approach to managing natural resources and then to use this foundation for guiding implementation by federal agencies. We place great importance on this workshop for helping to develop a comprehensive framework for addressing common implementation issues and strategies, for better identifying opportunities for cooperation, and for describing those elements of an ecological approach that require collaboration.
The basis for describing an ecological approach is seen as two highly related parts which will be developed on two parallel tracks. The first part is consolidating and synthesizing the current scientific knowledge about the concepts, principles and key elements that are essential to an ecological approach. The second part is organizing and documenting the current management experience and understanding essential to actually implementing an ecological approach in various field situations. The development of these two pieces will result in a single, framework/reference document that will be published by a major university press by the end of 1996.
It is worth noting that, unlike most workshops where final papers are presented, this workshop is the beginning point for papers where general approaches and outlines are discussed and formulated.
Through an extensive series of meetings, discussions, reviews and debates, 30 key topics related to an ecological approach were selected (Table 1). The workshop is structured around theses 30 topics. It's two weeks long so we can deal with all 30 topics in one session and cover the minimum work necessary to start the process of building the framework document. We hope everyone understands the nature of trying to get all the people and topics arranged so each author group gets what they need as well as providing a productive interaction with other groups. The overall structure of the workshop was developed to allow participants and authors to interact to the maximum extent possible and to facilitate the planning for actual development of the final papers.
All participants are expected to attend the entire workshop. On days when your assigned topic is not being addressed you should attend and participate in the development of other topics or take advantage of being with your entire team to work on your final document.
Introductory Session: Laying the Foundation for An Ecological Approach to Stewardship
INT-1 Guiding Principles and Workshop Overview
INT-2 The Human Ecosystem as an Organizing Concept in Ecosystem
Management
I: Understanding Values and Achieving Consensus
T1 Public Expectations/Shifting Values
T2 Cultural/Social Diversity and Resource Use
T3 Processes for Achieving Consensus in Achieving Land Stewardship
and Sustainability
T4 Regional Cooperation II: The Historical Context for Ecologically
Based Stewardship
T5 Human Role in the Evolution of North American Ecosystems
T6 Land Use Over Time
T7 Shifting Human Use and Expected Demands for Natural
Resources
T8 Heritage Management
T9 Ecosystem Sustainability and Condition
T10 Ecological Restoration/Maintenance
III: Understanding and Managing for Species and Ecosystem Processes
T11 Genetic and Species Diversity
T12 Ecosystem and Landscape Diversity
T13 Population Viability
T14 Ecological Functions and Processes
T15 Role of Disturbance and Temporal Dynamics
IV: Landscape and Social Characterization for Planning and Management
T16 Scale Phenomena
T17 Ecological Classification
T18 Social/cultural Classification
T19 Social System Functions and Processes
V: Economics and Uncertainty of Natural Resource Management
T20 Economic interactions at local/regional/national/international
scales
T21 Ecological Economics
T22 Producing and Using Natural Resources
T23 Uncertainty and Risk Assessment
VI: Reinventing Science and Agency Management
T24 Evolving Public Agency Beliefs Towards Ecosystem-based
Stewardship
T25 Legal Perspectives
VII: Obtaining and Using Information
T26 Assessments
T27 Adaptive Management
T28 Decision Support Systems/Models and Analyses
T29 Monitoring and Evaluation
T30 Data Management, Collection and Inventory
There has to be a certain amount of regimented organization to keep the process moving toward desired outcomes and participants focused and productive. We have developed a workshop structure and supporting information matrix to help organize the information being developed and summarized at the workshop (Figure 1). This matrix is how the information will be stored in the computer network on site. The computer network will be available for author teams to write and revise their manuscripts. It will also allow participants to comment and provide their insights on the other papers/sessions that they were unable to attend. Science and case study summaries will be loaded on the network prior to the workshop. Summaries from each management breakout session will be placed on the network the evening following the session. Our hope is to also have the system interfaced with the Internet to allow those not attending to keep abreast of workshop developments and comment on the papers.
There are two different daily schedules that are used throughout the workshop (Table 2). The first, used for the first three days of each weekly block follows the pattern: (1) morning sessions with science presentations, case study presentations, and a question and answer panel composed of that morning presenters; and (2) afternoon management breakout sessions. There will be 15 concurrent management breakout sessions on each of these days (three concurrent sessions per topic, each of which will address a different theme - (A) successful management examples; (B) unsuccessful examples & barriers; and (C) promising possibilities). The second pattern to be followed on the last day of each weekly block, i.e. Friday, December 4th and Thursday, December 14th, will have author team meetings in the morning and management theme integration panel presentations and open discussion in the afternoon. Each of these days will end with a summary team presentation. Meeting Structure
The overall meeting structure has five main components: (1) science topic plenary sessions and author team meetings; (2) management topic breakout sessions and author team meetings; (3) case study presentations; (4) management theme subplenary sessions; and (5) summary and integration team presentations (see workshop agenda for scheduling).
1. Science Plenary Sessions: Preliminary summaries distributed at the registration desk will provide all participants with the key science points that should be considered in the development of management options and alternatives. Science topics presentations will be short (no more than 20 minutes) and highlight the key points of the underlying science on which to base an ecological approach. Five science topics will be covered in each of the two hour science sessions scheduled for six mornings during the workshop. There is also a 50 minute question and answer session after each science/case study segment.
2. Management Topic Breakout Sessions: There are three concurrent breakout sessions per management topic, Sessions A, B, and C. Each of these sessions a different informational theme: Session (A) will focus on a summary and description of activities that have been found to be successful in certain situations in applying the topic on the ground; Session (B) will focus on recognizing and describing barriers to implementation (scientific, social, economic, etc.) including a summary and description of activities that have been found to not be practical or beneficial for implementation; and Session (C) will focus on a summary and description of activities that appear to be highly promising approaches but for which there are yet no field experience. The approach is to use these themes and several categories within those themes to organize the information to be covered in the final paper (see Figure 1). The categories were created to help organize and store information. The structure for discussions will initially focus around the five areas of information about that topic. This structure will help facilitators and recorders capture input and will provide a consistent means for attendees to review and comment on breakout sessions they were not able to attend. The first theme will be addressed in breakout Session A, the second in breakout Session B, and the third in breakout Session C. For example, breakout session MT 12/Session A, will deal with successful examples of taking into account ecosystem and landscape diversity considerations in management planning and implementation. Each session last for the entire afternoon. Author teams will have to split up to provide coverage for the three breakouts. No author can attend all the breakouts for a given topic. Maanagement breakout sessions for each topic will be held in the afternoon of the same the science topic was presented.
3. Case Study Presentations: Twelve case studies were selected to illustrate specific points in implementing an ecological approach. The presentations will not give a complete overview of each case but will address how they dealt with some of the breakout questions being discussed that afternoon. More complete summaries of all twelve cases will be on display in poster format (six cases studies on display per week).
4. Management Theme Subplenary Sessions: The three concurrent subplenary sessions, held on Friday, December 8 and Thursday, December 14 will be led by a team of five individuals for each of the management breakout themes (See Figure 1). These teams (one for each breakout theme) are charged with attending and reviewing the information developed by all the breakouts for each theme. They will start the subplenary discussions by looking at the common elements raised across topics and critical linkage points between topics.
FIGURE 1. Workshop supporting information matrix for the development of an ecological approach to natural resource management.
5. Summary and Integration Team Presentations and Papers: Two summary and integration teams will follow the developments of the entire workshop. The first summary team will look at integrating social and economic considerations into an ecological approach. They will report to the entire workshop at the end of the first week. The second summary team is charged with the responsibility for summarizing the entire workshop both at the close-out and in the final framework document. Both teams will be drawing heavily on the sessions they are able to attend and the information from all sessions that is loaded on the computer network. These teams will look at the common elements, linkage points, and integration aspects of all the topics particularly how organization structures need to be modifies to incorporate these concepts and options in agency operations for natural resource management.
GENERAL INFORMATION FOR ALL AUTHOR TEAMS
Final Product of the Workshop: The vision of the final product is a clear scientifically based framework for ecological stewardship approaches in general. The framework will outline guidelines and options for applications in common situations and lay out key questions or information that managers and agencies ought to consider or assess in relation to resources at certain scales. It is not intended to provide prescriptive solutions for individual sites or places. Instead, the framework is seen as the basis for agency implementation plans and strategies. The published framework will be a compendium of the papers that synthesize the available scientific basis and that develops the management options and alternatives for implementing an ecologically based approach to stewardship in the field. The final publication is seen as handbook and reference for both scientists and managers.
Selection and Composition of Author Teams: Small groups of widely recognized scientists and experienced managers were proposed and selected by the organizing partners of the workshop for each science synthesis and management option paper. For the science synthesis papers, each group also includes at least one individual with significant management experience to insure a strong connection with implementation issues. Conversely, recognized scientists were also included on each management option team to insure a strong connection with the scientific base. Enclosed is a complete listing of all author teams, both for science synthesis and management option papers, organized by topic.
Format, Length and Due Dates for Papers: Science and management topic papers should be from 30 to 100 pages in length. First drafts of papers are due March 1, 1996. Papers will be widely circulated prior to completion for peer review. Style and format guidelines for both science and management papers will be sent to you in January. Final drafts of each paper will be due on July 1, 1996 in hard copy and electronic form using WordPerfect 5.1. We can convert other formats but please let us know what word processor you are using. All papers will be published in the final technical reference by a major university press (we have not settled on a publisher but already have two offers).
What Other Responsibilities do You Have at the Workshop?: Besides participating in the science and management sessions for the topic which you have primary responsibility, you should also try to attend as many of the science and management breakout sessions as possible. We are trying to ensure the integration of topics and this will only happen if you also attend sessions that are not necessarily in your area of expertise. For example, sociologists should also attend some of the economic and ecological topics and breakouts and similarly ecologists should attend the sociological and economics topics and breakouts. We want to avoid having everyone from only the same discipline talking and developing potential solutions from a single perspective. The more you mix around and participate, the more likely the final product will be highly integrated and representative of the broad range of existing knowledge and experience and therefore relevant to future management direction.
Coordination with Parallel Topic and Other Topic Teams: Communications with the parallel science and/or management topic author team should be maintained throughout the entire process of developing the final paper.
What should you wear? Dress for the workshop is casual. Please do NOT bring a coat and tie or other fancy dress. Dress for the reception is casual. Dress for the BBQ is casual. Dress for the opening ceremony is casual. Even if you are making a presentation dress is casual. We will have a tie cutter at the door. Blue jeans are perfect!
Purpose and Brief Description: The foundation for an ecological approach to management requires not only sound science, but the right science -- knowledge and understanding of how major ecosystems function, how they can support and tolerate human use, and how policies and management decisions affect resource use, environmental impacts, and recovery. Improvements in the scientific knowledge that informs decision-making can often greatly improve the development, implementation, and assessment of policies and programs. Information is the common thread for decision-making and it is critical that the most scientifically sound information is available to all stakeholders.
The science synthesis topic papers should review and synthesize the available information for the concepts underlying the development and application of an ecologically based approach to stewardship. These papers are not expected to present a consensus view but should explore the entire range of views and perspectives and contrast possible differences of opinion and interpretation. They should provide an objective, unbiased, and independent summary of the existing science on which to base management options and alternatives. They are also expected to contribute insights and suggest reasonable options that recognize uncertainty so that responsible resource policies and management solutions can be developed and implemented.
Final Paper: The final paper should be a thorough and comprehensive review and summary of the topic and references should cover the range of views and perspectives on a topic. The final paper should provide the underlying scientific basis for management options and alternatives. Although the review should cover basic theoretical concepts and the latest developments in their respective areas, please keep in mind that it also should suggest potential alternatives/solutions on how these ideas can be used in practical implementation. In other words, even though it is useful to recognize that the absence of a complete taxonomy and inventory for all species hinders the implementation for an ecological approach it is even more useful to suggest ideas and approaches that would allow managers to make the "best" possible decisions based on currently available information. Such approaches should help managers decide what information would be most useful to collect and evaluate so they can change and correct management direction as we learn more.
Author Teams: Authors of topics relating to the science synthesis papers are referred to as science topics, science topic teams, or science topic authors. The lead author, designated by the partnership group, has the primary responsibility of communicating and working with the other authors on the team to ensure completion of the paper. He or she also should give the 20 minute presentation at the workshop of the high points of the science synthesis piece that is relevant to the implementation of an ecological approach. Their final objective is to provide a major synthesis paper (30-100+ pages) on the topic. The team should use the workshop to get comments and feedback and use that feedback to develop a final outline and subsequently a manuscript draft. All papers will undergo a thorough peer review process. Communications with parallel management options papers should be maintained throughout the process.
What Should You Do Prior to the Workshop?: Each science topic team should provide a 5-10 page extended abstract by November 20, 1995 that summarizes the major elements of their topic and a brief overview of what they intend to cover in the final paper. It is responsibility of the team leader to contact other authors on the team to ensure that the abstract reflects the full teams' contributions to the final paper. Abstracts should be sent both in hard copy and WordPerfect 5.1 (any DOS-based format can be used if necessary) to Bob Szaro. Expanded abstracts of each paper will be copied and a complete set will be given to each participant upon arrival at the workshop. Abstracts should follow the format given in Appendix I.
When Should You Arrive at the Workshop?: Science topic authors are encouraged to attend and participate in the entire workshop. However, if prior commitments do not allow this, science authors should plan on arriving so that they can attend an author meeting the evening before their scheduled presentation, attend the appropriate breakout session related to their topic, and participate in the author meeting on the last meeting day of the week their topic is presented, i.e., Friday, December 8 or Thursday, December 14.
What Are Your Responsibilities at the Workshop?: The science team leader (lead author) should be prepared to present the key points related to their topic. Presentations should last no more than 20 minutes. Other members of the author team should be in the audience and available for responding to questions raised during the question and answer period held each day at the end of the science and case study presentations. The papers should also include a comprehensive set of references. Science team members should also attend and participate in the parallel management topic breakout sessions (multi-author teams should try to split up to provide coverage for the three simultaneous breakout sessions). Author teams should also hold as many team meetings as necessary to organize the final content and assignments for their paper. Science author team members should also participate in the appropriate management author team meeting to ensure close cooperation in the development of both pieces. Be prepared to discuss and develop the consolidation of ideas and thoughts from your preliminary papers, the information you have gained through your interactions and the input from breakout sessions. You may also want to designate other key topics and breakout sessions that are particularly linked to your topic and make sure some members of your author team attend those as well. Teams should also consider coordinating with other highly related topic teams to share ideas and avoid duplication.
Specific Products and Outcomes from the Workshop: Before your science topic team leaves the workshop it should have: 1. Fully developed an operating plan for the teams' activities from the end of the workshop on December 15 through the completion of the final draft on July 1, 1996. The plan should clearly describe how communications between members will take place, the time and place of subsequent meetings (either in person or by other means, i.e., phone, fax, E-mail), internal division of duties and related individual assignments, specific milestones and due dates, linkages with other closely related science topic teams, communications with the parallel management topic team, and any other operational material pertaining to team function.
2. Reviewed, refined as needed, and developed as extensively as possible the final outline for your science topic paper. The final product should result from listening to the discussions in the breakout sessions and author team meetings. It is a specific document each topic team should have by the end of the workshop. This should include the listing or identification of major elements or components that are essential to addressing the topic. This outline should incorporate the thoughts of topic team members, attendees at the break sessions on that topic, and ideas generated by authors participating in other topic breakout sessions.
The outline should be the most comprehensive description possible of the final document and a perspective on the likely components and sub-parts. There should be a strong tie between the operating plan and the outline. All components and critical elements should be referenced in the operating plan as to how information will be accumulated, synthesized and organized into the format for the final paper. Author teams should have clearly spelled how they will organize and address all of the known, proposed, or desired parts of the final paper. Between the operating plan and outline, each science topic team should leave the workshop with a well documented and coordinated idea of what each paper will cover and how the team intends to pull that information together.
Purpose and Brief Description: The purpose of the management topic papers is to provide a summary of existing management options and experience on each topic. Each management topic has one or more "key questions." These key questions are intended to help quickly focus discussion and involvement on the issues most critical to management actions on the ground. Final papers should address the three informational themes (see description under workshop structure). Each management author team should also consider all elements of their topic in relation to the effects of scale, ties to factors of the biological, physical and human dimensions and where possible linkages to other topics.
Final Paper: The key questions and description of scope for the document will define the direction for author teams to develop the management option papers. It should be noted, with some emphasis, that the management option papers ARE NOT intended to dwell on theories, concepts, intriguing ideas, experiments, personal beliefs or philosophies. The final paper should be a sought after reference by resource managers wanting to know what has worked, under what conditions and what has not. The management option paper is the practical counterpart to the science theory. The paper SHOULD NOT attempt to define or suggest prescriptive "right answers." The paper SHOULD describe processes, activities, elements of projects, or specific actions that have been found successful in actual situations. The audiences for these papers are field level managers and land owners that want to understand what other technical experts have tried and found successful, or not, and what hurdles, costs, expertise, technologies or operational requirements might be expected for a particular action.
The third theme, highly promising approaches, is clearly something that should be included, particularly given the high caliber of experts involved in developing the paper. But it is listed in third position to underscore that the final management option paper should not dwell on "pie in the sky," but focus predominantly on what we know with some degree of confidence. Author teams should monitor the balance of attention given in the final paper to the three theme areas. Key elements explained or addressed in the outline and subsequently the final papers are not necessarily expected to be a consensus from the topic team. The intent is not to reach a group conclusion on information presented in the final paper. Again, the final paper is not envisioned as presenting right answers, but to document and present the range of options that have been tested in the field and found successful. It should provide a broad spectrum of activities and situations supported by explanations of what was attempted, why, how, with what constraints and supports, what was the outcome, how was success achieved, how applicable is the example to other areas, what management actions or tools were involved, how was success measured, etc.
Author Teams: Your role is to participate as a member of the coauthor team on the management topic noted. (The listing of team members is totally random. Designations of chair people, lead authors or subsequent assignments are entirely up to each team.) Members of management topic teams are expected to contribute their own experiences to the option papers but at the workshop should focus on making as many contacts as possible in order to develop input from a wide variety of sources. Authors are also expected to develop a wide network of sources both within and beyond their own organization after the workshop to provide material for the final paper.
What Should You Bring to the Workshop?: You should prepare and share with the other members of your author team, prior to arriving at the workshop, your thoughts on the outline for your paper. You should have reviewed each of the team members' preliminary ideas and information prior to arriving in Tucson and should come prepared to begin discussions of merging the teams thoughts into a first draft of the topic outline each topic team will need to develop before leaving.
When Should You Arrive at the Workshop?: You should plan on arriving Monday, December 4th. Authors for management topics 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 24 should arrive at the hotel in time for the author meeting at 3 pm. These are the topics to be covered during the first week of the workshop. There will be a preliminary meeting from 3-5 pm on December 4th, of author teams and the facilitators you will be working with during your breakout sessions. An agenda is included in this package and meeting room assignments meetings will be in the registration packets available when you arrive at the workshop. These preliminary meetings will allow author teams, facilitators, and recorders to prepare and organize for the breakout sessions. Author teams should refine the key questions for their topic prior to their breakout session and should have a draft description of the scope of their paper in addressing the topic and key questions. Authors for management topics 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 should plan on arriving on Monday, December 4 prior to the opening ceremony at 6 pm. These authors will meet with the facilitators and recorders from 3-5 pm on Sunday, December 10. These are the topics to be addressed during the second week of the workshop.
What Are Your Responsibilities at the Workshop?: Each management topic will have three breakout sessions and one author team meeting sometime during the workshop. At least three members of the author team should attend a breakout session. Be prepared to discuss and develop the consolidation of ideas and thoughts from your preliminary papers, the information you have gained through your interactions and the input from breakout sessions. You may also want to designate other key topics and breakout sessions that are particularly linked to your topic and make sure some members of your author team attend those as well. Teams should also consider working jointly with several of the other highly related topic teams to coordinate information, share ideas, and avoid duplication.
Author Team Meetings: Each author team is expected to have a number of informal meetings before and after breakout sessions. Prior to the first breakout session on your topic, your team should have discussed, developed and have a plan for supporting the discussions during each break out sessions. Each management topic author team will have a formal organizational meeting with their facilitator and recorder either on Monday, December 4th from 3 to 5:00 p.m. for topics covered during the first week or on Sunday, December 10th from 3 to 5:00 p.m. for topics covered during the second week of the workshop. While the key questions have been through a number of groups for comment and critique, the first task for the author team is to refine the key questions and the proposed scope for the paper. Obviously the initial guidelines and ideas will change, be added to and expanded. The author team should use the time during the workshop, from the initial team meeting until the workshop is over, to continue to develop and refine the outline for the paper. This will likely entail: lists of ideas and elements, outlines of chapters or subjects, ideas about major components under the three themes, lists of key contacts or projects to be made later, references for experience related to multiple scale application, places to visit, publications or particular agencies' activities to reviewed, and any relevant input the author team can accumulate.
Each author team will also have one other formal session to refine and expand the outline of their papers that resulted from the formal breakout sessions. Formal author team meetings are scheduled for 8:30 to 11:00 a.m. on December 8 for topics covered in the first week of the workshop and 8:30 to 11:00 a.m. on December 14 for topics covered in the second week. Teams are encouraged to meet and work as often as they wish to complete as much of the work on the paper as possible before the end of the workshop. Facilities will be available for this activity. Each team needs to discuss and determine how they intend to operate. This should include: how will team members communicate with each other, do all members deal with the entire paper or are chapters or sections assigned to individuals, will the author team meet as a group to do or coordinate writing, what are defined milestones and time frames, are there designated lead authors; who initiates and coordinates future meetings (if any), and many other mechanical matters associated with developing the paper. There will be additional information about particular formats for final publication at the workshop. The preliminary papers from each author team are the starting points for ideas about the paper. Team meetings before and during the workshop will continuously refine those ideas based on input received. The final product of these meetings, breakout sessions input and meetings with your team and with other teams is the working basis for producing the outline required of each team prior to leaving the workshop.
Purpose of Breakout Sessions: The intent of the breakout sessions is to have as many highly experienced people as possible discuss the major themes and components of each topic, critique the initial guidelines and ideas for the outline of the final paper and provide their input and experience to the author team. Management topic authors should use the breakout sessions during the workshop to refine the components and key themes in their papers and extract the experience, observations and comments from other authors and attendees. The management topic authors will use the events and individuals at the workshop to begin the process of developing a final management option paper. Each topic will have three breakout sessions during the workshop to address the three major informational themes. Each breakout will be supported by facilitators, recorders and members of the management author team. Authors should utilize the sessions to extract ideas, references, comments, key elements, essential ties to other topics, and any background material workshop participants can provide to the authors for the topic being discussed.
Each breakout session should provide useful input on the paper. Discussion should consider the initial description of possible chapters within each theme, and possible key components of each chapter. Other formal elements of breakouts might be specific units of measure, evaluation criteria, practical management indicators, particular adaptive management strategies, key elements of monitoring and evaluation, essential management actions, critical steps, key technical expertise or any other factors related to implementing components of that topic in field situations.
Structure of Breakout Sessions: There are three breakout sessions per management topic that will be held the afternoon of their corresponding science topic presentation. Each breakout session can accommodate about 20-25 people and will address the three informational themes (see workshop description). We have imposed this order and consistency for holding breakout sessions in order to deal constructively with the information from each session and between sessions. Each break out session facilitator, recorder, and assigned author will organize breakout sessions around this approach. The first theme will be addressed in breakout Session A, the second in breakout Session B, and the third in breakout Session C. During each session, the facilitator will help guide participants in developing information in the elements noted in categories I-V. These categories were created to help organize and store information described previously that should be addressed as a part of the outline, (e.g., criteria, specific actions, units of measure, etc.).
Specific Products and Outcomes from the Workshop: Before your management topic team leaves the workshop it should have:
1. Reviewed, refined as needed, and developed the final key questions and scope for your management topic paper. The starting points are the draft questions provided with each topic. The final product should result from the breakout sessions and author team meetings. It should be a specific document in the package of materials each topic team should have by the end of the workshop.
2. Fully developed an operating plan for the teams' activities from the end of the workshop on December 15 through the completion of the final draft on July 1, 1996. The plan should clearly describe how communications between members will take place, the time and place of subsequent meetings (either in person or by other means, i.e., phone, fax, E-mail), internal division of duties and related individual assignments, specific milestones and due dates, identification of workgroup or subcommittee leaders, linkages with other management topic teams, communications with the parallel science topic team, and any other operational material pertaining to team function.
3. Developed as extensively as possible an outline for the paper. The outline should include any major theme areas, in addition to the three noted previously and any ideas about significant chapters or division within those themes. This includes any preliminary listing or identification of major elements or components that are essential to addressing the topic and key questions and any input on critical units of measure, criteria, indicators, or monitoring elements. Particular focus on parameters or process requirements for potential management activities, key technical expertise, essential technology, expected time frames and costs, special cautions or advice based on experience, and any other information that would be useful to someone trying to understand the factors related to implementation. It should also document key contacts, references, case examples or situations that may be a part of developing the final document. This outline should have incorporated the thoughts of topic team members, attendees at the break sessions on that topic, and ideas generated by authors participating in other topic breakout sessions.
The outline should be the most comprehensive description possible of the final document and a perspective on the likely components and sub-parts. There should be a strong tie between the operating plan and the outline. All components, possible field examples, key contacts and critical elements should be referenced in the operating plan as to how information will be accumulated, synthesized and organized into the format for the paper. Author teams should have clearly spelled how they will organize and address all of the known, proposed, suspected, or desired parts of the final paper. Between the operating plan and outline, each management topic team should leave the workshop with a well documented, and initially coordinated, idea of what each paper might cover and how the team intends to collect and provide that information. Obviously, ideas and plans will change as the process gets underway.
The outline will be the starting point for future contacts, coordination and information sharing within each author team, between author teams (both science and management) and with individuals and groups each team will contact for additional input. There may be several specific points between December and July when author teams "share" their current outlines with all other teams as a means of coordination during the process.
DG Folder: !Latest Versions DG
Document: Author Instructions
PC Directory: c:\szaro\emmtg
PC Document: AUTHOR.INS Date: October 20, 1995
APPENDIX I. Summary Format
THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEM AS AN ORGANIZING CONCEPT IN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Gary E. Machlis Department of Forest Resources National Park Service University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho
Jo Ellen Force Department of Forest Resources University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho
William R. Burch, Jr. School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Yale University New Haven, Connecticut
In this paper, we attempt to describe our version of what an ecological perspective might offer ecosystem managers. We propose the human ecosystem as an organizing concept for . . .
FIRST LEVEL HEADING
Second Level Heading
Third Level Heading: Headings should follow the preceding format with a two blank lines between text and the first level leading. Only a single blank line should be used between second and third level headings.
Third Level Heading: Use a single blank line between third level headings.
SUMMARY LENGTH AND REFERENCES
Each summary should be no more than 5 to 10 pages in length. A reference/literature cited section should not be included in the summary but is expected in final papers.
CONCLUSIONS AND KEY POINTS
It is important that each summary end with the key points and ideas that the author team wants to ensure that each participant has in mind while participating in the breakout sessions.
